Блокчейн или технология распределенных реестров — инновация, изменившая мир информационных технологий. С каждым годом ее применение становится шире, однако понимают принцип работы блокчейна далеко не все. В виду своей децентрализованности и криптографичности, эта технология стала объектом множества мифов и даже интернет-мемов. Блокчейн может гарантировать прозрачность многих процессов — от противодействия коррупции до результатов выборов. Как можно адаптировать правовую систему для блокчейна, обсудили на сессии «Традиционная система права в эпоху технологии распределенных реестров: катализатор прогресса или транзакционных издержек?» в рамках Петербургского Международного Юридического Форума.По сообщению пресс-службы Форума, в дискуссии приняли участие исполнительный директор Института технологий блокчейна Университетского колледжа Лондона Паоло Таска, ведущий научный сотрудник Института права и развития ВШЭ — «Сколково» Максим Башкатов, директор по инновациям банка «Открытие» Алексей Благирев, заместитель руководителя Департамента информационных технологий города Москвы в правительстве Москвы Ирина Сиренко. Модераторами сессии выступили советник по информационным технологиям и телекоммуникациям Baker McKenzie СНГ Алевтина Камелькова и статс-секретарь, заместитель Министра юстиции Российской Федерации Юрий Любимов.Блокчейн (в переводе с английского blockchain – «цепочка блоков») — представляет собой распределенный реестр, то есть базу данных о событиях в цифровом мире, составные части которой размещаются в различных узлах компьютерной сети в соответствии с каким-либо критерием. Главные свойства блокчейна — анонимность участников (узлов) сети, по умолчанию не доверяющих друг другу, стабильность работы, отсутствие центрального узла. Формализовать взаимоотношения между юзерами блокчейна можно в рамках цифровых контрактов (smart-контрактов). Важно отметить, что их исполнение автоматизировано. Именно технология блокчейна лежит в основе криптовалют, например, биткоин. Благодаря блокчейну криптовалюты не нуждаются в банковском посредничестве, и по той же логике многие отрасли могут избавиться от посредников.Рассказывая о блокчейне, советник по информационным технологиям и телекоммуникациям Бейкер Маккензи СНГ Алевтина Камелькова отметила, в контексте правоприменения для этой технологии интересен опыт американского штата Аризона. В марте 2017 года там приняли закон, в котором, в том числе, указывалось определение блокчейна. Кроме того, в документе говорится о приравнивании технологии к электронной подписи, а также о законодательном определении блокчейна как «неизменяемой и неаудированной правды» — uncensored truth, добавила участник дискуссии. «Если вы послушаете мнения за последний год, блокчейну приписывают практически религиозные свойства, он превратился в какую-то манну небесную. Наверное, будут скоро прикладывать его к разным местам, чтобы выздороветь», — пошутила спикер.В свою очередь, исполнительный директор Института технологий блокчейна Университетского колледжа Лондона Паоло Таска подчеркнул, что юристы должны думать о блокчейне не только как о технологии, но и как об институте. По его словам, двойственность этой технологии заключается в том, что она может использоваться без цензуры властей, при этом обеспечивает прозрачность и автоматизацию ряда процессов. По мнению эксперта, это новый инструмент, позволяющий по-другому сконструировать структуру общества, корпораций, экономических сделок.«С точки зрения институционального подхода, если мы посмотрим на наше общество, его организацию или корпорацию, мы организованы иерархически. Иерархия до сих пор необходима нам, чтобы координировать процессы. Блокчейн децентрализует процесс принятия решений. Все участники сети, члены сообществ, все граждане могут взаимодействовать и участвовать в этом обмене информацией. В этом смысле блокчейн является противодействием иерархической структуре, существовавшей в течение веков, знаменует переход к трансграничному сообществу. Мы видим это уже сейчас в бизнес-сфере, говоря об области программного обеспечения», — рассказывает Паоло Таска. Эксперт также отметил, что самоорганизованные сообщества в контексте блокчейна не имеют иерархической структуры, и каждый участник — майнер, разработчик, валидатор — может изменить систему. Решения в этом случае принимаются не одним человеком, и не одной группой.«Данный способ хорошо работает в добрые времена. В условиях какой-либо нестабильности децентрализованные сообщества будут очень плохо справляться с кризисом. Ведь в тревожной ситуации необходимо принимать быстрые и, что важно, непопулярные решения, чтобы система продолжала работать. Мы видели это в 2008 году, когда правительства и банки нескольких стран не обратились к населению, вели себя не демократично и очень быстро изменили правила игры. Опыт открытых сообществ говорит, что в их случае это невозможно. Это большая юридическая проблема», — поясняет Паоло Таска.Специалист также рассказал о типах организации блокчейн-сообществ , например, о частных закрытых системах, доступных лишь по приглашению, и открытых публичных системах, доступных для всех. Есть и промежуточный вид — частный блокчейн, доступный для аудита и участия в нем без приглашения. Если говорить о размещении прав собственности в системе блокчейн, то нужно понимать, какой вид права собственности имеется в виду. На финансовых рынках будет актуально использование частных блокчейнов, чтобы иметь некоторый контроль над происходящим с транзакциями. Если говорить о недвижимости и других видах имущества, то они уже включены в публичные реестры, и здесь стоит использовать открытые системы блокчейна. В этом случае законодательно отсутствует конфиденциальность информации, и такое решение может быть хорошим, заключил спикер.Прагматичный подход к блокчейну продемонстрировал Максим Башкатов из Института права и развития ВШЭ-Сколково. Он отметил, что в обществе идет процесс сакрализации этой технологии. «В ходе исследования этой темы мы с коллегами нашли забавную закономерность — отношения правопорядка и блокчейна напоминают отношения мужчины и женщины при первом знакомстве. Сначала страсть, первые релизы, реакция контролирующих органов, все как в жизни. Если «не срослось» — то отношение резко негативное, как, например, в Индии и Таиланде, что удивительно, ведь в обеих странах прогрессивное отношение к artifical intelligence. Есть и другая крайность — безмерная любовь и желание встроить его чуть ли не во все процессы. Такое происходит на постсоветском пространстве — разговоры о разработке специальной регуляторики, смены законодательства и так далее, а этим очень легко напугать блокчейн-сообщества. А, например, в Европе все пускают на самотек, к блокчейну относятся лишь как к технологии, некоему транспорту, регулировать который особо не нужно, кроме разве что экономических последствий», — пояснил Максим Башкатов.Ведущий научный сотрудник Института права и развития ВШЭ добавил, что основным опасением, касающимся встраивания блокчейна в правопорядок, является невозможность обратить smart-контракт. Это, с одной стороны, делает его недоступным для арбитража. Однако, если посмотреть на опыт гражданского права, то в нем есть немало ситуаций с необратимыми сделками — например, истечение срока давности. Вместе с тем, на подобные беспокойства есть ответ — не разворачивать сделку, а поместить «умный» контракт в некий правовой кокон, снабдив его требованием об убытках. Таким образом, потерпевшей стороне будет выплачена стоимость актива, привязанная к контракту обратным денежным требованием. Вместе с тем, в классическом блокчейне невозможна оперативная настройка и коррекция процесса исполнения smart-контракта. Это порождает дискуссии о том, что техническая возможность корректировки некоторых блокчейн-систем лишает их ключевых особенностей и превращает в нечто другое.Александр Савельев, юрисконсульт ООО «ИБМ Восточная Европа/Азия», отметил, что блокчейн идеально вписывается в контекст защиты интеллектуальной собственности. Во-первых, фиксируется факт принадлежности права с конкретной датой, что создает реестр прав. Во-вторых, фиксируется факт времени предоставления права использования конкретного объекта, например, песни, экземпляра программного обеспечения и так далее.«Если «навесить» на блокчейн «умный» контракт, мы получаем фантастические возможности — автоматизацию процесса заключения договора и процесса его исполнения. Фактически можно получить свободную лицензию, которая, как и Creative Commons, легко будет использоваться в интернете. Только тут еще и деньги можно получать — в форме криптовалюты, например», — заключил спикер.
Как приручить блокчейн юристам: от сакрализации до интеллектуальной собственности
Источник: zakonia.ru
Right on my man!
Every weekend i used to go to see this web site, because i want enjoyment, since this this web site conations
really pleasant funny material too.
Hi there, everything is going sound here
and ofcourse every one is sharing facts, that’s
actually good, keep up writing.
Remarkable issues here. I am very satisfied to peer your post.
Thank you a lot and I’m looking ahead to contact you.
Will you please drop me a mail?
Ahaa, its pleasant conversation concerning this post here at
this web site, I have read all that, so now me also commenting at this
place.
This site is really a stroll-by means of for the entire data you wished about this and didn’t know who to ask. Glimpse right here, and also you’ll positively uncover it.
Thanks for every other fantastic post. Where else may just anyone get that kind of information in such a perfect means of writing? I’ve a presentation next week, and I am on the search for such information.
I really like your writing style, good info , appreciate it for posting : D.
Great V I should certainly pronounce, impressed with your web site. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs and related information ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it at all. Quite unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or anything, web site theme . a tones way for your customer to communicate. Nice task..
I really enjoy reading through on this website, it holds wonderful posts. «One should die proudly when it is no longer possible to live proudly.» by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche.
This blog is definitely rather handy since I’m at the moment creating an internet floral website – although I am only starting out therefore it’s really fairly small, nothing like this site. Can link to a few of the posts here as they are quite. Thanks much. Zoey Olsen
I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post…
Hello! Quick question that’s entirely off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My website looks weird when viewing from my iphone4. I’m trying to find a template or plugin that might be able to correct this issue. If you have any suggestions, please share. Thanks!
Thank you for sharing with us, I believe this website truly stands out : D.
You are my inhalation, I have few blogs and very sporadically run out from to brand.
I’m really enjoying the design and layout of your site. It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more enjoyable for me to come here and visit more often. Did you hire out a designer to create your theme? Excellent work!
Appreciating the hard work you put into your website and detailed information you provide. It’s nice to come across a blog every once in a while that isn’t the same old rehashed information. Wonderful read! I’ve bookmarked your site and I’m adding your RSS feeds to my Google account.
I am not sure the place you are getting your info, but good topic. I must spend some time finding out much more or working out more. Thank you for magnificent info I was in search of this info for my mission.
Very efficiently written post. It will be valuable to anybody who usess it, as well as myself. Keep doing what you are doing — looking forward to more posts.
I actually wanted to post a simple note to say thanks to you for all the fantastic secrets you are writing on this site. My long internet search has at the end been compensated with really good details to write about with my classmates and friends. I ‘d believe that many of us readers actually are definitely lucky to be in a magnificent community with so many outstanding professionals with good tips and hints. I feel somewhat fortunate to have encountered your entire site and look forward to really more brilliant minutes reading here. Thank you once more for everything.
Hey very cool web site!! Man .. Beautiful .. Amazing .. I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds also…I am happy to find so many useful info here in the post, we need work out more techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .
There is noticeably a bundle to know about this. I assume you made certain nice points in features also.
I’ve been browsing on-line more than three hours lately, but I never found any fascinating article like yours. It is beautiful price sufficient for me. In my view, if all site owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the web can be a lot more useful than ever before.
This blog is definitely rather handy since I’m at the moment creating an internet floral website – although I am only starting out therefore it’s really fairly small, nothing like this site. Can link to a few of the posts here as they are quite. Thanks much. Zoey Olsen
I?¦ll right away snatch your rss feed as I can not to find your email subscription hyperlink or e-newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Please allow me recognize in order that I may just subscribe. Thanks.
You have observed very interesting points! ps nice website.
I couldn’t resist commenting
This actually answered my downside, thanks!
Hi there! This post couldn’t be written any better! Reading through this post reminds me of my previous room mate! He always kept talking about this. I will forward this article to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read. Thank you for sharing!
I think this site contains very excellent written content material content.
Great paintings! This is the kind of info that should be shared around the web. Shame on the seek engines for no longer positioning this post upper! Come on over and consult with my web site . Thanks =)
hello!,I really like your writing so a lot! percentage we be in contact extra about your article on AOL? I require an expert in this house to resolve my problem. May be that is you! Taking a look forward to look you.
Would you be desirous about exchanging hyperlinks?
Thank you for sharing excellent informations. Your site is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this web site. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for more articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found just the info I already searched all over the place and simply couldn’t come across. What a perfect web-site.
Hey there! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a group of volunteers and starting a new project in a community in the same niche. Your blog provided us valuable information to work on. You have done a wonderful job!
What i don’t realize is in reality how you’re no longer actually a lot more neatly-liked than you may be now. You are very intelligent. You realize therefore significantly in terms of this topic, made me in my view believe it from so many numerous angles. Its like men and women are not fascinated except it’s one thing to accomplish with Woman gaga! Your individual stuffs nice. At all times care for it up!
I was wondering if you ever thought of changing the structure of your site? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having 1 or two images. Maybe you could space it out better?
Hello. excellent job. I did not imagine this. This is a remarkable story. Thanks!
It is best to take part in a contest for among the best blogs on the web. I will advocate this website!
Thanks for any other wonderful article. Where else could anyone get that type of info in such a perfect way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I am at the look for such information.
I really like examining and I conceive this website got some genuinely utilitarian stuff on it! .
FitSpresso: What Is It? FitSpresso is a natural weight loss aid that targets the root cause of excess body fat.
Thanks for some other informative website. The place else may just I am getting that type of info written in such a perfect method? I’ve a challenge that I’m just now running on, and I’ve been on the glance out for such information.
F*ckin¦ remarkable things here. I am very glad to peer your article. Thanks so much and i am taking a look ahead to touch you. Will you please drop me a e-mail?
What Is Sugar Defender Supplement? Sugar Defender is a plant-based supplement and it helps to regulate the blood sugar levels in the body.
Hello.This article was really fascinating, particularly because I was looking for thoughts on this matter last Saturday.
What is ProNerve 6? ProNerve 6 is your complete arrangement made to address the multifaceted necessities of nerve wellbeing
Hello.This post was extremely motivating, especially because I was browsing for thoughts on this topic last Wednesday.
I have read some good stuff here. Definitely value bookmarking for revisiting. I wonder how a lot attempt you set to make one of these fantastic informative website.
I was recommended this blog by my cousin. I am not sure whether this post is written by him as no one else know such detailed about my difficulty. You’re amazing! Thanks!
Simply wanna remark on few general things, The website design is perfect, the content is real superb : D.
Your place is valueble for me. Thanks!…
You could certainly see your enthusiasm within the paintings you write. The sector hopes for even more passionate writers such as you who are not afraid to mention how they believe. Always go after your heart. «Until you’ve lost your reputation, you never realize what a burden it was.» by Margaret Mitchell.
Wohh precisely what I was looking for, appreciate it for posting.
I have been browsing online more than 3 hours nowadays, but I never discovered any interesting article like yours. It is pretty worth enough for me. In my view, if all web owners and bloggers made just right content material as you probably did, the web will likely be much more helpful than ever before.
This is a topic close to my heart cheers, where are your contact details though?
What Is Sugar Defender? Sugar Defender is a meticulously crafted natural health supplement aimed at helping individuals maintain balanced blood sugar levels. Developed by Jeffrey Mitchell, this liquid formula contains 24 scientifically backed ingredients meticulously chosen to target the root causes of blood sugar imbalances.
As a Newbie, I am always exploring online for articles that can be of assistance to me. Thank you
What is ProvaDent? ProvaDent is a cutting-edge dental support supplement crafted by Adem Naturals. It integrates the BioFresh™ Clean Complex and a sophisticated oral probiotic complex to rejuvenate the oral microbiome.
Thanks a bunch for sharing this with all of us you actually know what you’re talking about! Bookmarked. Kindly also visit my site =). We could have a link exchange arrangement between us!
Great website. Plenty of helpful information here. I?¦m sending it to a few friends ans also sharing in delicious. And obviously, thank you in your sweat!
Hi there! Do you use Twitter? I’d like to follow you if that would be okay. I’m absolutely enjoying your blog and look forward to new updates.
You actually make it seem really easy along with your presentation however I to find this matter to be really one thing that I think I would by no means understand. It kind of feels too complex and very wide for me. I am having a look ahead in your next publish, I’ll try to get the dangle of it!
What are Ageless Knees? Ageless Knees is a knee pain relieving program. Chris Ohocinski, a State-Licensed and Nationally Certified Athletic Trainer, came up with this program.
You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation however I find this topic to be actually something that I feel I’d by no means understand. It seems too complicated and extremely large for me. I’m looking forward for your subsequent publish, I¦ll try to get the hold of it!
hello!,I love your writing so a lot! percentage we communicate more approximately your article on AOL? I need a specialist on this area to solve my problem. May be that is you! Having a look forward to look you.
What is Gluco6? Gluco6 is a revolutionary dietary supplement designed to help individuals manage their blood sugar levels naturally.
Good day! I know this is kind of off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could get a captcha plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having problems finding one? Thanks a lot!
Good article and right to the point. I am not sure if this is actually the best place to ask but do you guys have any thoughts on where to hire some professional writers? Thank you 🙂
I am not positive the place you’re getting your info, however good topic. I needs to spend a while learning much more or working out more. Thank you for wonderful information I used to be on the lookout for this info for my mission.
You are a very clever person!
Thank you for any other wonderful post. Where else could anybody get that type of info in such an ideal method of writing? I’ve a presentation subsequent week, and I’m on the search for such info.
Some genuinely choice articles on this internet site, saved to my bookmarks.
I went over this internet site and I conceive you have a lot of superb information, saved to favorites (:.
Very efficiently written article. It will be valuable to everyone who utilizes it, as well as myself. Keep doing what you are doing — looking forward to more posts.
I?¦m not sure where you’re getting your information, however great topic. I must spend a while studying more or figuring out more. Thank you for wonderful info I used to be looking for this information for my mission.
I simply could not depart your website prior to suggesting that I really loved the usual information an individual provide on your guests? Is going to be again steadily in order to check up on new posts
There is apparently a lot to know about this. I think you made various nice points in features also.
It’s actually a great and useful piece of info. I am happy that you just shared this useful info with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.
Aw, this was a very nice post. In idea I wish to put in writing like this moreover – taking time and actual effort to make a very good article… however what can I say… I procrastinate alot and not at all appear to get one thing done.
I like this web site so much, saved to fav. «I don’t care what is written about me so long as it isn’t true.» by Dorothy Parker.
Please let me know if you’re looking for a article author for your weblog. You have some really good posts and I think I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d really like to write some content for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please shoot me an e-mail if interested. Cheers!
You completed certain good points there. I did a search on the topic and found a good number of persons will agree with your blog.
I am not sure where you’re getting your information, but great topic. I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more. Thanks for magnificent information I was looking for this information for my mission.
It¦s actually a great and useful piece of info. I¦m satisfied that you shared this useful info with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.
I gotta bookmark this web site it seems handy handy
I have recently started a website, the information you provide on this website has helped me tremendously. Thanks for all of your time & work.
I believe you have mentioned some very interesting details , thankyou for the post.
Fitspresso is a brand-new natural weight loss aid designed to work on the root cause of excess and unexplained weight gain. The supplement uses an advanced blend of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to support healthy weight loss by targeting the fat cells’ circadian rhythm
Fitspresso is a brand-new natural weight loss aid designed to work on the root cause of excess and unexplained weight gain. The supplement uses an advanced blend of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to support healthy weight loss by targeting the fat cells’ circadian rhythm
I liked up to you’ll receive performed right here. The sketch is attractive, your authored material stylish. nevertheless, you command get bought an impatience over that you wish be delivering the following. in poor health for sure come more until now again as precisely the same nearly very frequently within case you protect this increase.
Those are yours alright! . We at least need to get these people stealing images to start blogging! They probably just did a image search and grabbed them. They look good though!
Unlock the potential of your pineal gland with the potent Pineal XT Dietary supplements serve as a gateway to expanding one’s range of expression, and Pineal gland support supplements, in particular, can elevate mental and spiritual capabilities. Pineal XT vitamins offer a pathway to endless joy, prosperity, health, and love. These supplements are designed to bolster the pineal gland’s function, enhance overall body performance, and boost energy levels. It stands as a premier alternative for reducing the impact of fluoride, pollutants, and the natural aging process.
hey there and thank you for your info – I have certainly picked up anything new from right here. I did however expertise a few technical points using this web site, since I experienced to reload the site many times previous to I could get it to load correctly. I had been wondering if your web host is OK? Not that I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will often affect your placement in google and could damage your quality score if advertising and marketing with Adwords. Well I’m adding this RSS to my email and could look out for much more of your respective fascinating content. Make sure you update this again soon..
I’ll immediately grab your rss feed as I can’t find your e-mail subscription link or e-newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Kindly let me know so that I could subscribe. Thanks.
Keep functioning ,remarkable job!