Мария Шувалова
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Вчера стартовала «вторая волна» выдачи электронных больничных работающим гражданам в возрасте 65 лет и старше, соблюдающим режим самоизоляции на дому в связи с распространением новой коронавирусной инфекции. Листки нетрудоспособности выдаются на период с 20 по 30 апреля (включительно). Порядок их оформления не изменился по сравнению с предусмотренным для больничных, которые выдавались указанной категории работников на срок с 6 по 19 апреля, – он определен Временными правилами оформления листков нетрудоспособности, назначения и выплаты пособий по временной нетрудоспособности в случае карантина застрахованным лицам в возрасте 65 лет и старше (далее – временные правила).
Тем не менее условия оформления листков нетрудоспособности таким гражданам пока вызывают ряд вопросов как у них самих, так и у их работодателей. Поэтому стоит обратить внимание не несколько важных моментов.
Поскольку главной целью введения возможности оформления больничных лицам в возрасте 65 лет и старше является обеспечение их нахождения дома или на даче для минимизации вероятности заражения COVID-19 (указанная категория граждан относится к группе риска), право оформить больничный на 11 дней (с 20 по 30 апреля) и поучить соответствующую выплату имеют все работающие граждане обозначенного возраста, кроме тех, кто в указанный период работает дистанционно или находится в ежегодном оплачиваемом отпуске (п. 2 временных правил).
ПОЛЕЗНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
8-800-302-75-49 – телефон горячей линии ФСС России по вопросам, связанным с оформлением листков нетрудоспособности лицам 65 лет и старше
Выплаты по листкам нетрудоспособности осуществляет ФСС России, и непосредственно само оформление больничных тоже происходит через фонд – именно он обращается в уполномоченную медицинскую организацию для формирования соответствующих электронных листков нетрудоспособности. Однако взаимодействовать с фондом самим работникам не нужно – обязанность по формированию и направлению в территориальный орган ФСС России по месту регистрации работодателя перечней работников указанного возраста, содержащих данные о каждом таком гражданине (Ф. И. О., дата рождения, место жительства или пребывания, фактического нахождения, СНИЛС), а также документов и сведений, необходимых для назначения и выплаты пособия, возложена на работодателей (п. 4-5 временных правил). Если работодатель не сделал этого по своей инициативе – а из сообщенных сегодня в ходе видеоинтервью первым заместителем председателя ФСС России Татьяной Лотоцкой данных следует, что далеко не все организации представили такую информацию, – работник может заявить ему о своем желании получить листок нетрудоспособности любым исключающим личное присутствие способом: по телефону, электронной почте, смс-сообщением и т. д. Препятствовать оформлению больничного работодатель не должен, ведь в данном случае, в отличие от ситуации, когда листок нетрудоспособности выдается в связи с заболеванием, ему не нужно оплачивать первые три дня больничного (п. 6 Положения об особенностях назначения и выплаты в 2012-2020 годах застрахованным лицам страхового обеспечения по обязательному социальному страхованию на случай временной нетрудоспособности и в связи с материнством и иных выплат в субъектах РФ, участвующих в реализации пилотного проекта) – выплату за все 11 дней осуществляет ФСС России. Именно поэтому при направлении данных о работниках категории 65+ следует не забывать указывать сведения о расчетных счетах, на которые должны быть начислены средства. Стоит также отметить, что возможность оформления таких больничных может стать хорошим подспорьем для работодателей, находящихся сейчас в тяжелом финансовом положении, – им не нужно будет пытаться отправить сотрудников данной категории в отпуск без сохранения заработной платы на период, объявленный нерабочими днями (хотя Указом Президента РФ от 2 апреля 2020 г. № 239 предусмотрена необходимость сохранения за работниками заработной платы на указанный период, на практике выполнить это требование могут не все работодатели). Расчет пособия по листкам нетрудоспособности, выдаваемым находящимся на самоизоляции работающим гражданам 65 лет и старше, производится по общим правилам определения размера пособия по временной трудоспособности – с учетом среднего заработка за последние два года и трудового стажа (ст. 7, ст. 14 Федерального закона от 29 декабря 2006 г. № 255-ФЗ «Об обязательном социальном страховании на случай временной нетрудоспособности и в связи с материнством»). Исходя из того, что к 65 годам восьмилетний стаж есть, скорее всего, у каждого работающего лица, можно говорить о том, что все такие граждане получат 100% среднего заработка в пределах максимального размера пособия по временной нетрудоспособности, который в этом году составляет 69 961,65 руб. Информация о сумме назначенного пособия, так же, как и сведения об оформленном листке нетрудоспособности, будет доступна в личном кабинете на сайте ФСС России (lk.fss.ru/recipient), для входа в который можно использовать учетную запись на портале госуслуг. Поскольку выплата по оформленным в соответствии с временными правилами листкам нетрудоспособности осуществляется единовременно за весь установленный период, сейчас будут выдаваться новые листки нетрудоспособности, а не продляться выданные на период с 6 по 19 апреля. Поэтому получить их могут все граждане, которым к 20 апреля (или непосредственно 20 апреля) исполнилось 65 лет, в том числе те, кто не попал в «первый поток» оформления больничных из-за того, что указанного возраста они достигли после 6 апреля. Работающим по совместительству гражданам оформляется два листка нетрудоспособности. При этом, если один из работодателей предоставил сотруднику возможность работать дистанционно, а второй нет, не запрещается, по словам Татьяны Лотоцкой, оформить только один больничный – по тому месту работы, где возможность работать удаленно не предоставлена. Появление работника на рабочем месте после оформления ему листка нетрудоспособости расценивается как нарушение режима самоизоляции, которое влечет за собой необходимость возмещения этим лицом выплаченных ему ФСС России средств (п. 11 временных правил) – из тематических материалов фонда следует, что в таком случае придется вернуть всю сумму пособия. В случае если работник возрастной категории 65+, которому оформлен больничный до 30 апреля, заболеет в течение этого срока, ему следует вызвать врача и получить больничный в связи с заболеванием. Поскольку порядок расчета выплат по обоим видам листков нетрудоспособности одинаков, происходит, по сути, зачет выплаченной суммы, а если болезнь продлится и после 30 апреля, работник получит за соответствующие дни доплату именно по больничному, выданному в связи с заболеванием, пояснила Татьяна Лотоцкая. Напомним, кстати, что каждый обратившийся к врачу гражданин в возрасте 65 лет и старше обязательно проверяется на COVID-19 при наличии симптомов респираторного заболевания (п. 1.5 Постановления Главного государственного санитарного врача РФ от 30 марта 2020 г. № 9 «О дополнительных мерах по недопущению распространения COVID-2019»).
Все важные документы и новости о коронавирусе COVID-19 – в ежедневной рассылке Подписаться
Таким образом, возможность оформления возрастным сотрудникам электронных листков нетрудоспособности на определенный срок представляется действительно удачной мерой как с точки зрения работодателей, особенно тех, кто не может обеспечить сотрудникам возможность работать удаленно или испытывает сложности с выплатой им зарплаты, так и самих таких работников, которые могут не просто на законном основании остаться дома в разгар пандемии, но и получить денежную компенсацию. Поэтому оставайтесь дома и будьте здоровы!
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