Мария Шувалова
TpaBMa2 / Depositphotos.com
Законопроект, предусматривающий корректировку ряда конституционных норм, регулирующих вопросы организации публичной власти, – необходимость которой Президент РФ обозначил в Послании Федеральному Собранию, был зарегистрирован1 в системе обеспечения законодательной деятельности вчера (20 января).
Предлагаемые законопроектом поправки можно разделить на несколько блоков.
Об оплате труда и пенсионном обеспечении. Предлагается закрепить на конституционном уровне положение о том, что минимальный размер оплаты труда не может быть меньше величины прожиточного минимума трудоспособного населения в целом по России, а также об обязательной индексации социальных пособий, иных социальных выплат и пенсий – соответствующими ч. 5-6 планируется дополнить ст. 75 Конституции РФ.
Об установлении дополнительных требований к занимающим должности, важные для обеспечения безопасности и суверенитета страны, лицам. Имеются в виду Президент РФ, Председатель Правительства РФ, его заместители, руководители федеральных органов исполнительной власти (в том числе федеральные министры), высшие должностные лица регионов, сенаторы, депутаты Госдумы, судьи. Предполагается, что в Конституции РФ для каждой из перечисленных должностей должны быть установлены требования о возрасте, по достижении которого лицо вправе претендовать на ее занятие, а также об отсутствии у такого лица иностранного гражданства либо вида на жительство или иного документа, подтверждающего право на постоянное проживание гражданина РФ на территории иностранного государства. Самые жесткие требования планируется ввести для кандидатов в президенты: не имеющие на момент выдвижения кандидатуры на должность Президента РФ иностранного гражданства или вида на жительство в другой стране, но имевшие их ранее граждане РФ не смогут стать главой государства. Кроме того, для лиц, претендующих на занятие должности президента, предполагается увеличить минимальный срок постоянного проживания на территории РФ – с 10 до 25 лет. Более того, в случае принятия закона одно лицо не сможет быть избрано Президентом РФ более двух раз – сейчас, напомним, не допускается занятие этой должности более двух сроков подряд (ч. 3 ст. 81 Конституции РФ).
О новом порядке назначения членов Правительства РФ, руководителей силовых ведомств, правоохранительных органов и прокуроров. Законопроект предусматривает необходимость утверждения Госдумой кандидатуры председателя правительства, его заместителей и федеральных министров – в настоящее время нижняя палата парламента лишь дает согласие на назначение премьера (п. «а» ст. 83 Конституции РФ). А назначение на должность руководителей федеральных органов исполнительной власти, в том числе федеральных министров, отвечающих за вопросы обороны, безопасности государства, внутренних дел, юстиции, иностранных дел, предотвращения чрезвычайных ситуаций, общественной безопасности, будет возможным после проведения консультаций с Советом Федерации. Также только по итогам консультаций с верхней палатой парламента согласно законопроекту будут назначаться прокуроры субъектов РФ.
О наделении Совета Федерации правом на прекращение полномочий судей. Предполагается, что верхняя палата парламента будет прекращать по представлению Президента РФ полномочия судей Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации, Верховного Суда Российской Федерации, кассационных и апелляционных судов – в частности, при совершении ими поступков, порочащих честь и достоинство судьи.
О расширении полномочий КС РФ. Законопроектом предусматривается возможность проверки Судом конституционности законов, не подписанных Президентом РФ. В случае, когда федеральный закон, отклоненный главой государства, будет одобрен в той же редакции большинством голосов членов Совета Федерации и депутатов Госдумы (процедура повторного рассмотрения закреплена в ч. 3 ст. 107 Конституции РФ), президент сможет обратиться в КС РФ с запросом о проверке его конституционности в течение отведенного на подписание закона срока (семи дней с момента поступления). Аналогичную возможность проверки конституционности планируется установить и для федеральных конституционных законов, направленных для подписания президенту. Если КС РФ подтвердит конституционность федерального или федерального конституционного закона, глава государства будет обязан его подписать, если не подтвердит – неподписанный закон будет возвращен в Госдуму. Кроме того, Суд сможет проверять по запросу президента конституционность законов субъектов РФ до их подписания высшим должностным лицом региона.
Об уточнении положения органов местного самоуправления в структуре власти. Предлагается, в частности, указать, что органы местного самоуправления и органы государственной власти входят в единую систему публичной власти и осуществляют взаимодействие для наиболее эффективного решения задач в интересах населения, проживающего на соответствующей территории (ст. 132 Конституции РФ планируется дополнить соответствующей ч. 3).
О формировании Государственного Совета РФ. Данная структура, статус которой будет определен соответствующим федеральным законом, должна будет обеспечивать согласованное функционирование органов власти, а также определять основные направления внутренней и внешней политики и приоритетные направления социально-экономического развития России.
В тексте законопроекта указано, что предлагаемые поправки должны быть вынесены на общественное обсуждение. Процедура проведения соответствующего народного голосования, по словам председателя Комитета Госдумы по государственному строительству и законодательству Павла Крашенинникова, будет прописана в тексте проекта – скорее всего, уже после принятия в первом чтении. Кстати, на сегодня запланировано рассмотрение законопроекта на заседании профильного комитета.
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1 С текстом проекта закона РФ о поправке к Конституции РФ «О совершенствовании регулирования отдельных вопросов организации публичной власти» и материалами к нему можно ознакомится на официальном сайте Госдумы.
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