Во время моратория на возбуждение дел о банкротстве ИП и юрлица могут заявить о судебной рассрочке задолженности

Елена Самтынова

Во время моратория на возбуждение дел о банкротстве ИП и юрлица могут заявить о судебной рассрочке задолженности
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Одной из мер, направленных на обеспечение устойчивого развития экономики и предотвращение последствий распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции, является дополнение законодательства о банкротстве нормой о специальной процедуре предоставления судебной рассрочки должнику, на которого распространяется действие моратория на возбуждение производства по делу о банкротстве по заявлениям, подаваемым кредиторами. Соответствующий Федеральный закон от 8 июня 2020 г. № 166-ФЗ вступил в силу 8 июня.

Так, в ст. 9.1 Федерального закона от 26 октября 2002 г. № 127-ФЗ «О несостоятельности (банкротстве)» (далее – Закон № 127-ФЗ) прописано, что в случае, если по поданному в течение срока действия моратория заявлению должника – ИП введена процедура реструктуризации долгов, а по поданному заявлению должника – юрлица введено наблюдение, то они вправе в срок не ранее даты проведения первого собрания кредиторов обратиться в арбитражный суд с заявлением о предоставлении судебной рассрочки. Для этого необходимо наличие следующих условий:

доходы должника за отчетный период календарного года, в котором возбуждено дело о банкротстве, на 20% и более ниже доходов должника за аналогичный период предыдущего календарного года. Если не истек ни один отчетный период – сравнению подлежат доходы должника за два предыдущих года; отсутствует задолженность по требованиям граждан, перед которыми должник несет ответственность за причинение вреда жизни, здоровью, а также по выходным пособиям и (или) оплате труда; собрание кредиторов решило не заключать мировое соглашение или воздержалось от принятого решения; отсутствуют заявления кредиторов о признании должника банкротом, поданные до даты введения моратория и возвращенные арбитражным судом в порядке п. 2 ст. 9.1 Закона № 127-ФЗ; заявление о признании банкротом должником подано не ранее чем через месяц после даты введения моратория.

Предусмотрены обязательные условия для применения судебной рассрочки к задолженности должника. Например, подлежат изменению сроки уплаты просроченных на дату возбуждения дела о банкротстве обязательств и обязательств, которые должны быть включены в реестр кредиторов, и их срок исполнения наступит не позднее чем через год с даты предоставления судебной рассрочки. Исполняться такие обязательства должны ежемесячно, равными долями в течение года.

Данные сроки могут быть увеличены до двух лет, если доходы должника за отчетный календарный год на 50% и более ниже его доходов за аналогичный период прошлого года. Если же должник является стратегическим предприятием то такие сроки могут составить три года. Но в таких случаях должник должен предоставить залог или обеспечение в виде банковской гарантии.

Также, определяя условия судебной рассрочки суд должен иметь ввиду, что кредиторы, сумма требований которых выше 10%, вправе иметь доступную информацию об имуществе, имущественных правах и обязательствах должника в течение всего срока, а должник обязан предоставлять такую информацию кредиторам в разумный срок, в том числе в виде ежеквартального отчета об исполнении рассрочки. В случае если судебная рассрочка действует более года, должны быть начислены проценты, предусмотренные договором, либо в размере ключевой ставки Банка России, действовавшей в период судебной рассрочки. При судебной рассрочке должны быть предусмотрены последствия введения арбитражным судом наблюдения и прекращены исполнительные производства по требованиям, возникшим до судебной рассрочки.

На основании заявления должника о судебной рассрочке арбитражный суд должен прекратить производство по делу о банкротстве. В соответствующем определении суда подлежат указанию все условия такой рассрочки. Судебная рассрочка распространяется на все требования кредиторов. Определение суда может быть обжаловано. Если условия судебной рассрочки должником будут нарушаться, то она может быть отменена по ходатайству кредиторов, а производство по делу о банкротстве – возобновлено.

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Предусматривается также, что положения о запрете регистрации ИП в качестве ИП, осуществления им предпринимательской деятельности или участия в управлении юрлицом в течение пяти лет с момента реализации имущества или прекращения производства по делу о банкротстве, не должны применяться к ИП, если в ходе процедуры банкротства в отношении него более 50% составляет задолженность, образовавшаяся в период моратория и (или) к которой применена судебная рассрочка, либо в отношении которой заключено мировое соглашение в ходе дела о банкротстве, возбужденного в период моратория. Соответствующие дополнения предусмотрены в ст. 216 Закона № 127-ФЗ.

Напомним, Федеральным законом от 1 апреля 2020 г. № 98-ФЗ Правительство РФ уполномочено вводить мораторий на возбуждение дел о банкротстве по заявлениям, подаваемым кредиторами, в связи с чем в отношении наиболее пострадавших от последствий коронавируса должников был введен мораторий на банкротство.

Источник: garant.ru

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