Валерия Зеновина
Сегодня в ходе заседания Пленума ВС РФ был представлен уточненный проект постановления Пленума, касающегося рассмотрения дел о контрабанде. В частности, Суд изменил свой подход к моменту окончания контрабанды.
Как пояснил судья ВС РФ Олег Зателепин, момент окончания контрабанды при ввозе и вывозе через таможенную границу теперь унифицирован. Если контрабанда совершена вне пунктов пропуска через таможенную границу, оконченным преступление будет считаться с момента фактического пересечения этой границы товарами или иными предметами. А в случаях, когда применяются иные способы незаконного перемещения товаров или предметов, например, недостоверное декларирование или использование документов, содержащих недостоверные сведения, контрабанда признается оконченной с момента представления таможенному органу таможенной декларации либо иного документа, допускающего ввоз на таможенную территорию ЕАЭС или вывоз с нее.
В предыдущей редакции проекта постановления предполагалось, что если используются иные способы незаконного перемещения, окончанием преступления может считаться момент, когда уполномоченные органы пресекли незаконное перемещение товаров или иных предметов. Это положение было исключено, равно как и разъяснения относительно того, что считается моментом окончания контрабанды в случае пересечения государственной границы.
Кроме того, ВС РФ скорректировал свою позицию относительно незаконности перемещения товаров и иных предметов через государственную границу. По словам Олега Зателепина, в новой редакции проекта судам дан алгоритм поиска нормативных актов, в которых могут быть указаны критерии незаконности такого перемещения. В частности, определено, что судам необходимо учитывать особенности правового регулирования ввоза или вывоза товаров и иных предметов с территории государств – членов Союза. ВС РФ также обращает внимание судов на то, что порядок перемещения или обращения товаров на территории Союза определяется Договором о Евразийском экономическом союзе и международными договорами в рамках этого Союза. Подчеркивается, что не исключена возможность ограничения оборота отдельных категорий товаров. Суд также напомнил, что и на территории нашей страны могут вводиться меры правового регулирования, ограничивающие свободный оборот отдельных веществ или предметов, например, если они представляют угрозу общественной безопасности.
Рассказывая о внесенных изменениях, Олег Зателепин выразил сожаление о том, что критерии незаконности перемещения товаров через государственную границу не определены в систематизированном виде, в связи с чем на практике возникают трудности. По оценке судьи ВС РФ, такие критерии должны быть установлены законодателем.
Перечисленные изменения обусловлены тем, что положения предыдущего варианта проекта вызвали дискуссию в профессиональном сообществе. В связи с этим для доработки проекта была создана редакционная комиссия. Документ в новой редакции приняли в ходе заседания Пленума ВС РФ.
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