Екатерина Чернявская
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Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации признал подп. «п» п. 2 Перечня видов заработной платы и иного дохода, из которых производится удержание алиментов на несовершеннолетних детей (далее – Перечень), противоречащим ч. 1-2 ст. 19, ч. 2 ст. 35, ч. 3 ст. 55 Конституции РФ. Указанная норма признана таковой, поскольку позволяет удерживать алименты на несовершеннолетних детей с выплачиваемого работодателем возмещения сотруднику за использование его личного транспорта, а также за износ (амортизацию) такого транспорта (Постановление КС РФ от 4 февраля 2091 г. № 7-П).
Суд пришел к указанному выводу, рассмотрев жалобу гражданина Б. Как было установлено, его работа носила разъездной характер, вследствие чего с заявителем были заключены соглашения об использовании личного легкового автомобиля в служебных целях, за что осуществлялись соответствующие компенсационные выплаты. В конце июня 2015 года в отношении него было возбуждено исполнительное производство о взыскании алиментов на несовершеннолетних детей в размере 50% дохода гражданина Б., а в середине февраля 2016 года – о взыскании 70% от его дохода. Работодатель стал производить необходимые удержания не только с зарплаты, но и с компенсационных выплат за использование автомобиля сотрудника. Заявитель попытался обжаловать действия работодателя в судах, однако суды как первой, так и апелляционной инстанций отказали ему. Причем в передаче кассационной жалобы на эти решения для рассмотрения в кассационной инстанции также было отказано, как краевым, так и Верховным Судом Российской Федерации, после этого гражданин Б. обратился в КС РФ.
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Суд разъяснил, что компенсации за использование личного автомобиля работодателем не являются оплатой труда (ст. 164-165 Трудового кодекса). Их цель – возмещение затрат, произведенных сотрудниками в связи с исполнением ими трудовых или других обязанностей. Вместе с тем подп. «п» п. 2 Перечня позволяет удерживать алименты на несовершеннолетних детей с выплат, которые не являются оплатой труда работника или его экономической выгодой, имеют строго целевое назначение и не предполагают их расходование по усмотрению сотрудника. Таким образом, норма была признана противоречащей Конституции, а решения в отношения заявителя, противоречащие ее трактовке, выявленной в решении КC РФ, – подлежащими пересмотру.
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