Елена Самтынова
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Речь идет о поправках к проекту закона № 885214-7 «О поправке к Конституции Российской Федерации «О совершенствовании регулирования отдельных вопросов организации публичной власти», инициированному Президентом РФ Владимиром Путиным. Депутаты готовятся обсудить законопроект во втором чтении. Председатель Комитета Госдумы по государственному строительству и законодательству Павел Крашенинников пояснил, что некоторые положения о судебной системе, которые сейчас закреплены в законах, они предлагают перевести на конституционный уровень.
Так, планируется уточнить конституционные нормы главы 7 Основного закона:
в ч. 3 ст. 118 Конституции РФ более полно указать, что судебную систему РФ составляют: Конституционный Суд РФ, Верховный Суд РФ, федеральные суды общей юрисдикции, арбитражные суды, мировые суды субъектов РФ;в п. «а» ч. 2 ст. 125 Конституции РФ прописать, что Конституционный суд РФ по запросам президента, парламента, депутатов Госдумы или членов Совета Федерации в количестве не менее 1/5 части, Правительства РФ, Верховного Суда РФ, органов законодательной и исполнительной власти субъектов РФ разрешает дела о соответствии Конституции РФ не только федеральных законов и иных нормативных актов, но и федеральных конституционных законов (в действующей редакции статьи ст. 125 Конституции РФ федеральные конституционные законы не указаны);в ч. 4 ст. 125 Конституции РФ уточнить положение о проверке конституционности законов и иных нормативных актов, указав, что Конституционный Суд РФ проводит такую проверку в порядке, установленном федеральным конституционным законом (а не федеральным законом, как в действующей редакции), по запросам судов – тех законов и актов, которые только подлежат применению в конкретном деле, а по жалобам на нарушение конституционных прав и свобод граждан – законов и актов, примененных в конкретном деле, если исчерпаны все другие внутригосударственные средства судебной защиты;дополнить ст. 125 Конституции РФ ч. 6, в которой указать о придании конституционного статуса норме о признании утратившими силу неконституционных актов или отдельных положений и не подлежащими введению в действие и применению международных договоров, не соответствующих Конституции РФ. «Таким образом, на уровне Конституции исключается их применение в любом ином истолковании. Сейчас это предусмотрено только в законе», – отметил Павел Крашенинников (речь идет о ч. 3 ст. 79 Федерального конституционного закона от 21 июля 1994 г. № 1-ФКЗ «О Конституционном Суде Российской Федерации»);в ст. 126 Конституции РФ о Верховном Суде РФ конкретизировать суды: общей юрисдикции и арбитражные, которые осуществляют судебную власть посредством гражданского, административного и уголовного судопроизводства;ч. 3 ст. 128 Конституции РФ дополнить положением о том, что полномочия, порядок образования и деятельности Конституционного Суда, Верховного Суда РФ и других федеральных судов устанавливаются не только федеральным конституционным законом, а первоначально Конституцией РФ. Кроме того, предлагается закрепить положение, что порядок осуществления гражданского, административного и уголовного судопроизводства регулируется соответствующим процессуальным законодательством.
Предложенный Президентом РФ Владимиром Путиным порядок назначения прокуроров субъектов РФ и освобождения от должности Президентом РФ после консультаций с Советом Федерации предлагается распространить и на военных, природоохранных прокуроров и иных прокуроров специализированных прокуратур, а также на Генерального прокурора РФ и его заместителей. Согласно действующей редакции ст. 129 Конституции РФ Генеральный прокурор РФ, его заместители назначаются и освобождаются от должности Советом Федерации по представлению Президента РФ, а прокуроры регионов назначаются и освобождаются от должности Президентом РФ по представлению Генерального прокурора РФ, согласованному с субъектами РФ.
По сведениям системы по обеспечению законодательной деятельности срок для представления поправок ко второму чтению законопроекта продлен до 14 февраля. Как сообщил Павел Крашенинников, в профильный комитет уже поступило 89 поправок к проекту об изменениях Основного закона, при этом самыми дискуссионными являются социальные поправки, вопросы деятельности Госсовета, Совета Безопасности, формирования Правительства РФ, а также предложения по изменению преамбулы.
Председатель Комитета Госдумы РФ по государственному строительству и законодательству выразил мнение против конституционного закрепления понятия брака как союза мужчины и женщины и упоминания о боге в тексте Конституции РФ, о чем ранее внес предложение епископ РПЦ Патриарх Кирилл.
Также Павел Крашенинников заявил о намерении внести в текст законопроекта конкретную дату всероссийского голосования по поправкам в Конституцию РФ.
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