Наталья Ключевская
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На официальном сайте службы сегодня появились материалы, посвященные безопасному взаимодействию потребителей с представителями рынка микрофинансовых услуг.
В первом материале приведены советы потребителям, касающиеся необходимости проверки организации, с которой заемщик планирует заключить кредитный договор. В частности, речь идет об обязательной проверке наличия организации в государственном реестре микрофинансовых организаций (МФО) – это можно сделать на сайте Банка России или в специальном электронном справочнике. При этом эксперты предостерегают от взаимодействия с организациями, сотрудники которых хотят выдать кредит очень быстро («не отходя от кассы»). «По закону при обращении за кредитом Вы имеете право знакомиться с условиями кредитного договора в течении пяти дней. За это время у вас есть возможность принять взвешенное решение, изучить памятки и условия договора, посоветоваться с близкими. Вы имеете право попросить выдать Вам подписанные индивидуальные условия кредитования», – подчеркивается в сообщении.
Другие рекомендации посвящены тщательной оценке заемщиком своих доходов и размера ежемесячного платежа по кредиту с учетом процентов, обязательного ознакомления с условиями и тарифами (особенно, если они «размещены где-то на сайте» или «находятся в главном офисе компании»). Также Роспотребнадзор призывает никогда не оформлять микрокредит под залог имущества, которого можно лишиться из-за невозможности вернуть взятый под высокие проценты кредит, а также избегать дополнительных услуг (страховых, юридических, консультационных, медицинских или иных услуг, никак не связанных с оформлением кредита).
Второй материал посвящен анализу основных рисков для потребителей рынка микрофинансовых услуг. Он содержит перечень из 11 таких рисков, в числе которых:
снижение процента положительного решения о выдаче микрозайма МФО, включенными в госреестр и, как следствие, повышение количества обращений к «теневым» МФО; практика легальных МФО, игнорирующая принципы ответственного кредитования и позволяющая предоставить дорогие микрозаймы закредитованным и безработным потребителям; игнорирование потребителями положений договора с МФО или нежелание ознакомиться с ними подробно; использование микрозаймов не только в экстренных случаях, когда срочно необходимы денежные средства, но и для совершения повседневных бытовых расходов; значительный процент потребителей услуг МФО со средним и ниже среднего уровнем финансовой грамотности; недостаточное финансовое планирование, включая отсутствие дополнительных источников погашения микрозаймов, помимо зарплаты; непонимание некоторыми потребителями, что микрозаймы не предназначены для долгосрочных финансовых потребностей; рост неоправданной долговой нагрузки заемщиков из-за начисления высоких процентов по микрозаймам; неправомерное использование персональных данных заемщиков в интернете; растущее количество нелегальных игроков рынка микрофинансирования (превышает число легальных МФО в три раза); увеличение среднего значения полной стоимости кредита, в частности для микрозаймов сроком до 30 дней и на сумму до 30 тыс. руб.
Несмотря на то, что в текущем году Банк России впервые зафиксировал снижение количества обращений потребителей к услугам МФО, их общее количество остается достаточно высоким. Поэтому Роспотребнадзор напоминает о работе горячей линии по вопросам нарушений прав потребителей финансовых услуг (телефон горячей линии +7 (800) 100-29-26). Сотрудники горячей линии в круглосуточном режиме консультируют граждан по вопросам подачи обращений, а также помогают повысить информированность населения о правах потребителей на финансовом рынке.
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