Маргарита Горовцова
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Ведомство разъяснило1 на своем сайте, какие бывают виды разрешенного использования земельных участков (далее – ВРИ), на каких землях можно возводить дом или содержать сельскохозяйственных животных и как поменять ВРИ при необходимости. Росреестр подчеркивает, что это важные вопросы: ВРИ влияет на кадастровую стоимость участка, а кроме того, за использование земель не по целевому назначению налагается штраф (для граждан его размер составляет от 0,5% до 1% кадастровой стоимости участка, но не менее 10 тыс. руб. по ч. 1 ст. 8.8 КоАП РФ).
Разрешенное использование земельного участка – это характеристика, отвечающая на вопрос, как именно можно использовать земельный участок, в частности, что на нем можно построить. ВРИ устанавливаются муниципалитетами для каждой территориальной зоны, всего существует 13 ВРИ (приказ Росреестра от 10 ноября 2020 г. № П/0412 «Об утверждении классификатора видов разрешенного использования земельных участков»):
сельскохозяйственное использование (растениеводство, садоводство, пчеловодство, рыбоводство и т.д.); жилая застройка (для индивидуального жилищного строительства, для ведения личного подсобного хозяйства, многоэтажная жилая застройка и т.д.); общественное использование объектов капитального строительства (здравоохранение, социальное обслуживание, образование и просвещение и т.д.) предпринимательство (объекты торговли, рынки, магазины и т.д.) отдых (рекреация) (спорт, туристическое обслуживание, охота и рыбалка и т.д.) производственная деятельность (тяжелая промышленность, энергетика, связь и т.д.) транспорт (железнодорожный транспорт, размещение автомобильных дорог, воздушный транспорт и т.д.) обеспечение обороны и безопасности (обеспечение вооруженных сил, охрана государственной границы РФ и т.д.) деятельность по особой охране и изучению природы (охрана природных территорий, санаторная деятельность и т.д.) использование лесов (заготовка древесины, лесные плантации и т.д.) водные объекты (гидротехнические сооружение и т.д.) земельные участки (территории) общего пользования (улично-дорожная сеть, благоустройство территории и т.д.) земельные участки общего назначения (ведение огородничества, ведение садоводства).
ВРИ могут быть основными, вспомогательными и условно разрешенными. Первые характеризуют основной вид деятельности, для целей ведения которой приобретается и используется земельный участок (например, жилая застройка или сельскохозяйственное использование). Условно разрешенные ВРИ применяются при необходимости расширить способы использования земли – к примеру, если на участке, который предназначен для строительства магазина, планируется построить автомобильную заправку. Порядок получения разрешения на условно разрешенный ВРИ установлен ст. 39 Градостроительного кодекса РФ. Вспомогательные ВРИ применяются, чтобы уточнить целевое назначение участка (например, если собственник захочет построить на участке забор, гараж или хозяйственную постройку).
Возможно ли в договоре купли-продажи земельного участка обязать продавца сменить вид разрешенного использования? Ответ на этот и другие практические вопросы – в Базе знаний службы Правового консалтинга системы ГАРАНТ! Получите полный доступ на 3 дня бесплатно!
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Сведения о ВРИ земель содержатся в ЕГРН. Чтобы узнать ВРИ конкретного участка, нужно заказать выписку из реестра (в офисах МФЦ либо на сайте Росреестра, на портале Госуслуг, а также на сайте подведомственного ФГБУ «ФКП Росреестра»). Еще один вариант – воспользоваться сервисом «Публичная кадастровая карта» (https://pkk.rosreestr.ru). Для этого необходимо знать адрес участка или его кадастровый номер.
Росреестр отдельно разъяснил, какие ВРИ подходят для строительства на участке индивидуального жилого дома. К ним относятся ВРИ со следующими кодами: 2.1 – «Для индивидуального жилого строительства». На таких участках разрешено также строить гаражи и вспомогательные постройки, выращивать сельскохозяйственные культуры; 2.2 – «Для ведения личного подсобного хозяйства». Можно не только строить жилой или садовый дом, но и производить сельхозпродукцию и разводить сельскохозяйственных животных; 13.2 – «Ведение садоводства». Такие участки предназначены для отдыха и (или) выращивания овощей, фруктов, зелени и ягод для собственных нужд. Также здесь можно строить дома, жилые и садовые.
Если участок имеет основной ВРИ 13.1 «Ведение огородничества», то строительство жилого и садового дома на нем запрещено. Разрешено лишь возведение хозяйственных построек для хранения инвентаря и урожая сельскохозяйственных культур. Аналогичная ситуация с ВРИ 1.16 «Ведение личного подсобного хозяйства на полевых участках», где разрешено только производство сельскохозяйственной продукции без права возведения объектов капитального строительства.
Помимо этого Росреестр рассказал, на каких участках можно разводить домашнюю птицу и скот, а также как поменять ВРИ при необходимости.
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1 С информацией можно ознакомиться на официальном сайте Росреестра (https://rosreestr.gov.ru/press/archive/rubrika-vopros-otvet-v-kakikh-sluchayakh-sleduet-menyat-vid-razreshennogo-ispolzovaniya-zemelnogo-uch/).
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