Опубликованы требования к адвокату, который осуществляет защиту в уголовном процессе

Валерия Зеновина

Опубликованы требования к адвокату, который осуществляет защиту в уголовном процессе
На своем официальном сайте Федеральная палата адвокатов (ФПА России) опубликовала проект стандарта участия адвоката-защитника в уголовном судопроизводстве. Он состоит из требований к адвокату на разных стадиях уголовного процесса.

Некоторые требования касаются вступления адвоката в дело. Определено, что в ходе первого свидания наедине с задержанным, подозреваемым или обвиняемым адвокат должен выяснить, имеются ли обстоятельства, препятствующие его вступлению в дело или участию в нем. Установлены и случаи недопустимости вступления в дело или участия в нем адвоката. В частности, к ним относится наличие добровольного письменного отказа подзащитного от защитника, удовлетворенного соответствующим решением дознавателя, следователя или суда.

Отдельные требования определяют выбор, а также согласование позиции и тактики защиты. Адвокат должен принять меры для того, чтобы выяснить версию стороны обвинения относительно предполагаемого преступления. Непосредственно формирование позиции и тактики защиты должно осуществляться по согласованию с подзащитным. Причем защитник должен рассказать последнему об обстоятельствах, ставших ему известными и необходимых для формирования позиции.

Закреплено, что изменение защитником ранее сформированной позиции и тактики защиты без согласования с подзащитным недопустимо. Вместе с тем, установлен единственный случай, когда защитник вправе занимать по делу позицию, противоположную позиции подзащитного, и действовать вопреки его воле – если адвокат убежден в наличии самооговора. В то же время, по общему правилу, в соответствии с проектом документа, интересы подзащитного должны превалировать над интересами адвоката и интересами третьих лиц.

Должен ли клиент оплачивать расходы адвоката на оргтехнику, бензин и телефонные переговоры? Узнайте из материала «Стоимость услуг адвоката» в «Домашней правовой энциклопедии» интернет-версии системы ГАРАНТ. Получите полный доступ на 3 дня бесплатно!

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Кроме того, в некоторых случаях адвокат вправе определять позицию самостоятельно. Например, если подзащитный в силу психических недостатков не может сделать это, а также когда судебное разбирательство проводится в отсутствие подзащитного по причине его нахождения за пределами территории России или уклонения от явки в суд, и у защитника отсутствует возможность согласования позиции с подзащитным.

Предполагается, что защитник должен принимать непосредственное участие во всех следственных и процессуальных действиях, проводимых в присутствии подзащитного, а также во всех судебных заседаниях, участие защитника в которых по закону возможно. Он не вправе уклоняться от участия в судебных прениях. Проектом установлено, что адвокат должен выполнять обязанности защитника до вынесения по делу итогового судебного акта, включая при необходимости подготовку и подачу апелляционной жалобы на приговор суда.

Проектом документа определен случай, когда адвокат может отказаться от участия в следственном или ином процессуальном действии или покинуть место его проведения, а равно отказаться от участия в судебном заседании. Это возможно, если лицо, проводящее следственное или процессуальное действие, либо председательствующий в судебном заседании грубо нарушают закон, и при этом степень подобного нарушения, по убеждению защитника, подрывает базовые принципы и назначение уголовного судопроизводства, делая невозможным разумное, добросовестное и квалифицированное выполнение обязанностей защитника. Поясняется, что такие действия не могут расцениваться в качестве нарушающих права подзащитного или отказа адвоката от принятой на себя защиты. О таких случаях защитник обязан незамедлительно в письменной форме сообщить в совет адвокатской палаты.

Источник: garant.ru

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