Александра Урошлева
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Верховный Суд Российской Федерации поддержал сегодня на заседании Пленума проект постановления «Об утверждении Регламента проведения судебного примирения». Документ разрабатывался рабочей группой ВС РФ в связи с вступлением в силу с 25 октября текущего года Федерального конституционного закона от 26 июля 2019 г. № 3-ФКЗ «О внесении изменения в статью 5 Федерального конституционного закона «О Верховном Суде Российской Федерации» в связи с совершенствованием примирительных процедур» (далее – Закон № 3-ФКЗ).
Указанным законом к полномочиям Пленума ВС РФ отнесено утверждение Регламента проведения судебного примирения (далее – Регламент), а также формирование и утверждение списка судебных примирителей на основе предложений кассационных и апелляционных судов общей юрисдикции, верховных судов республик, краевых, областных судов, судов городов федерального значения, автономных округов, суда автономной области, окружных (флотских) военных и арбитражных судов (п. 13.1 ч. 3 ст. 5 Федерального конституционного закона от 5 февраля 2014 г. № 3-ФКЗ «О Верховном Суде Российской Федерации» в редакции Закона № 3-ФКЗ). Появление новых полномочий и необходимость утверждения соответствующего Регламента связаны в свою очередь с вступлением в действие с 25 октября новых норм о примирительных процедурах при осуществлении судопроизводства в судах общей юрисдикции и арбитражных судах (Федеральный закон от 26 июля 2019 г. № 197-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации»).
Напомним, что к примирительным процедурам, проведение которых будет возможно с 25 октября на любой стадии процесса и при исполнении судебного акта, относятся переговоры, посредничество, в том числе медиация, и судебное примирение. При этом список не является исчерпывающим, то есть возможно использование и других примирительных процедур, если это не противоречит закону. Примирительную процедуру можно будет провести по ходатайству сторон (стороны) либо при согласии сторон по предложению суда, которое может быть сделано в устной форме либо содержаться в определении о принятии искового заявления (заявления) к производству, о подготовке дела к разбирательству или в ином определении по делу. Примирительные процедуры стороны смогут использовать и в рамках рассмотрения административных дел. Изменения будут инкорпорированы во все процессуальные кодексы – Гражданский процессуальный кодекс, Арбитражный процессуальный кодекс и Кодекс административного судопроизводства.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ ПО ТЕМЕ
Обзоры изменений, внесенных в процессуальное законодательство с 25 октября 2019 года: примирительные процедурыГПК РФ, АПК РФ, КАС РФ
Судья, секретарь Пленума ВС РФ Виктор Момотов подчеркнул, что физические и юридические лица одинаково заинтересованы в быстрой и эффективной защите прав, но при этом процессуальные правила часто требуют длительного рассмотрения дел. «Однако сами участники спора всегда знают детали конфликта, его фактическую сторону и при желании могут выработать в короткие сроки взаимоприемлемое решение, используя примирение», – отметил судья. Он обратил внимание на то, что примирение сторон позволяет сократить сроки разрешения спора, финансовые издержки участников процесса, способствует сохранению социальных связей и деловых отношений, в целом снижает уровень конфликтности в обществе.
Институт судебного примирения, как заметил Виктор Момотов, широко используется в различных странах, в частности в Германии, Канаде, Финляндии, Австралии, Республике Беларусь, Республике Казахстан, Словении, Нидерландах. В российском обществе существует, по словам судьи, высокая потребность в доступных и эффективных механизмах урегулирования споров, которые способствовали бы не только повышению качества правосудия за счет оптимизации судебной нагрузки, но прежде всего снижению уровня конфликтности, укреплению социально-деловых связей и повышению уровня правосознания.
В подготовленном рабочей группой ВС РФ проекте Регламента (текст имеется в распоряжении ГАРАНТ.РУ) два раздела – первый посвящен общим положениям (целям и задачам, принципам примирения, требованиям, предъявляемым к судебным примирителям), а второй – порядку судебного примирения с детальным описанием процедуры. Судебное примирение, как указано в проекте, проводится в целях достижения сторонами взаимоприемлемого результата примирения и урегулирования конфликта с учетом интересов сторон. Его задачами являются соотнесение и сближение позиций сторон, выявление дополнительных возможностей для урегулирования спора, оказание сторонам содействия в достижении результата примирения. К принципам судебного примирения относятся добровольность, сотрудничество, равноправие сторон, независимость и беспристрастность судебного примирителя, конфиденциальность и добросовестность. Судебные примирители утверждаются Пленумом ВС РФ из числа судей в отставке с учетом опыта работы в качестве судьи, опыта научной деятельности, специализации, региона проживания. При этом не смогут выступать в качестве судебного примирителя судьи в отставке, привлеченные к осуществлению правосудия или работающие в органах госвласти, органах местного самоуправления, государственных и муниципальных учреждениях, в профсоюзных, иных общественных объединениях, а также в качестве помощников депутата Госдумы, члена Совета Федерации или депутата законодательного (представительного) органа субъекта РФ либо назначенные на должность уполномоченного по правам потребителей финансовых услуг.
Заместитель Министра юстиции России Денис Новак отметил, что процедура судебного примирения в проекте Регламента описана подробно. Такой документ сможет, по его словам, стать «настольной книгой» для судебных примирителей и сторон. Представитель Минюста России указал лишь на несколько редакционных замечаний. Например, следует, как он отметил, исключить из п. 1 ст. 17 проекта Регламента упоминание о том, что судебное примирение проводится в форме переговоров, поскольку переговоры являются самостоятельным видом примирительных процедур.
Виктор Момотов подчеркнул, что нормы, регулирующие процедуру судебного примирения, будут диспозитивными – стороны смогут самостоятельно определять порядок примирения при условии, что он не будет противоречить общим положениям. Так, предусматривается, что судебное примирение проводится в срок, установленный судом в определении о проведении судебного примирения, но по ходатайству сторон указанный срок может быть продлен. Стороны судебного примирения будут вправе выбирать судебного примирителя, вносить предложения по порядку проведения примирения, заявлять о необходимости участия в судебном примирении иных лиц, сообщать необходимую для урегулирования спора информацию, задавать вопросы другой стороне и судебному примирителю, высказывать просьбу о проведении индивидуальной беседы с примирителем, предложения по урегулированию спора и достижению результатов примирения, обсуждать высказанные сторонами предложения на предмет их исполнимости и удовлетворения интересов каждой из сторон, ходатайствовать о продлении процедуры в случае истечения ее срока.
Судебное примирение, согласно проекту Регламента, может включать в себя следующие стадии:
открытие судебного примирения (вступительное слово судебного примирителя);изложение обстоятельств спора и интересов сторон;формулирование сторонами вопросов для обсуждения;индивидуальная беседа судебного примирителя со сторонами и их представителями;выработка сторонами предложений по урегулированию спора и достижению результатов примирения;оформление результатов примирения, в том числе заключение мирового соглашения, соглашения о примирении, соглашения по фактическим обстоятельствам, составление отказа от иска, признания иска;завершение судебного примирения при достижении либо недостижении результата (результатов) примирения, истечении срока проведения примирения или прекращении процедуры судебным примирителем.
По итогам заседания Пленума ВС РФ была создана редакционная комиссия по доработке проекта постановления об утверждении Регламента. Принять окончательную версию документа планируется на следующем заседании Пленума.
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