Маргарита Горовцова
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Ведомство разместило на своем официальном сайте рекомендации по подготовке к тесту на новый коронавирус ПЦР-методом1. В частности, специалисты советуют сдавать мазок не раньше 3-4 часов после последнего приема пищи.
Дело в том, что вирус SARS-Cov-2 живет внутри эпителиальных клеток. Для ПЦР-исследования важно получить мазок с достаточным количеством инфицированных клеток. Когда человек проглатывает еду, клетки эпителия механически слущиваются пищевым комком с поверхности слизистой оболочки. Если взять мазок сразу после еды, в пробирку может попасть недостаточное количество зараженных клеток. В этом случае можно получить ложноотрицательный результат анализа. То же самое касается питья — вода смывает инфицированные клетки с поверхности миндалин и задней стенки глотки.
Категорически запрещено использовать перед тестом лекарственные спреи и капли. После их применения количество вирусных частиц на слизистой снижается, что также грозит ложноотрицательным результатом.
Роспотребнадзор не советует и чистить зубы перед сдачей ПЦР-теста. Во-первых, зубная паста может содержать антисептические компоненты. Если остатки пасты попадут в пробирку с мазком, результат анализа может быть искажен. Во-вторых, чистка зубов требует дополнительного полоскания рта, что также не рекомендовано перед забором биоматериала.
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Что касается алкоголя, то он тоже может снизить вероятность выявления коронавируса в мазке. Все спиртные напитки содержат этанол, который имеет антисептические свойства. В ведомстве, правда, отметили, что для эффективного антисептического воздействия в составе средства должно быть не менее 60-80% этилового спирта (тогда как в алкоголе обычно меньше) — но от приема горячительных напитков все же порекомендовали воздержаться.
Кроме этого, перед анализом не стоит пользоваться бальзамами и помадами для губ, жевать жевательную резинку и курить.
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1 С текстом рекомендаций можно ознакомиться на официальном сайте Роспотребнадзора (https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/info/news/news_details.php?ELEMENT_ID=17484).
Russian
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