Екатерина Уцына
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В рамках выездной налоговой проверки правильности исчисления НДС у налогоплательщика были затребованы документы, по его мнению не относящиеся к предмету проверки. Так, в требовании проверяющих были указаны оборотно-сальдовые ведомости, расшифровки отдельных счетов бухгалтерского учета, главная книга, журналы регистрации предъявленных и полученных счетов-фактур, штатное расписание, должностные инструкции сотрудников, табели учета рабочего времени сотрудников. По мнению проверяемой организации, инспекция истребовала избыточное количество документов, которые не относятся к предмету выездной налоговой проверки. Также, как отмечает налогоплательщик, согласно сложившейся судебной практике вышеуказанные документы не являются первичными документами налогового и бухгалтерского учета и не имеют прямого отношения к формированию налоговой базы по налогам, порядку их учета и уплаты. Поэтому он обратился с жалобой в ФНС России о признании необоснованным истребования такого объема документации.
Налоговое ведомство отказало в удовлетворении по следующим основаниям1. В соответствии с положениями Налогового кодекса в ходе проведения выездной проверки налоговая инспекция вправе затребовать, а налогоплательщик обязан представить документы и информацию (подп. 6 п. 1 ст. 23, подп. 1, 2 п. 1 ст. 31, п. 12 ст. 89, п. 1 ст. 93 НК РФ). При этом законодательством не установлен закрытый перечень документов и регистров, из которых формируется объект налогообложения. Кроме того, поскольку проверка правильности исчисления и уплаты налога проводится налоговым органом, то именно он, а не налогоплательщик определяет полноту и комплектность первичных документов, регистров учета и аналитических материалов, необходимых для проверки. А значит налогоплательщик не вправе отказывать в предоставлении имеющихся у него документов, которые относятся к проверяемому периоду, в том числе регистров бухгалтерского и налогового учета, аналитических материалов по причине того, что они по его мнению не относятся к предмету проверки.
О том, в каких случаях выездная проверка проводится на территории налоговой инспекции, читайте в материале «Место проведения выездной налоговой проверки» в «Энциклопедии решений. Налоги и взносы» интернет-версии системы ГАРАНТ. Получите бесплатный доступ на 3 дня!
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Также ведомство указало, что на правильность формирования объекта налогообложения по конкретному налогу могут оказывать влияние косвенные обстоятельства, в том числе касающиеся возможного получения необоснованной налоговой выгоды. А значит, требуется оценка отдельных первичных документов и документов налогового или бухгалтерского учета, проверка их достоверности, правильности и полноты отражения на основании анализа данных счетов бухгалтерского учета, а также других документов и доказательств, подтверждающих достоверность сведений, указанных в данных документах.
Позицию налоговых органов поддерживают и суды. Так, согласно определению Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации от 8 апреля 2010 г. № 441-О-О выездная налоговая проверка ориентирована на выявление тех нарушений налогового законодательства, которые не всегда можно обнаружить в рамках камеральной налоговой проверки: для их выявления требуется углубленное изучение документов бухгалтерского и налогового учета, а также проведение ряда специальных мероприятий контроля.
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1 С текстом решения ФНС России от 19 июня 2019 г. № СА-4-9/11730@ по жалобе налогоплательщика можно ознакомиться на официальном сайте ФНС России.
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