Если среди первоклассников абсолютно здоровыми являются 4,3% учащихся, то среди одиннадцатиклассников таких совсем нет. За время обучения в школе среди детей повышается распространенность язвенной болезни, сколиоза и близорукости. К таким выводам пришли эксперты НИИ гигиены и охраны здоровья детей и подростков ФГАУ «Национальный научно-практический центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РФ, которые проводили обследование с 2005 по 2015 годы в московских школах.Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией научных основ школ здоровья НИИ гигиены и охраны здоровья детей и подростков ФГАУ «Национальный научно-практический центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РФ Ирина Рапопорт рассказал «Известиям», что всего клинические наблюдения проводились за 426 детьми из четырех школ, расположенных в разных округах Москвы.
На протяжении 11 лет каждый год в апреле врачи проводили обследование детей в школах. Оно включало педиатрический осмотр, трехкратное измерение артериального давления, осмотр ортопедом и офтальмологом, неврологом, оториноларингологом и кардиологом. Кроме того, проводилось анкетирование учащихся для выявления жалоб и анкетирование родителей для уточнения анамнеза функциональных отклонений и хронических заболеваний у школьников. В общей сложности было проведено более 25 тыс. врачебных осмотров и проанализировано 3,6 тыс. анкет.
В результате в первом классе к I группе здоровья, то есть к абсолютно здоровым, было отнесено 4,3% наблюдаемых школьников, а к концу школы таких учащихся не было вовсе. За этот же период произошло уменьшение отнесенных II группы здоровья (практически здоровы) с 44,4% до 34,0%. Одновременно увеличилось число детей, страдающих хроническими заболеваниями (III и IV группы здоровья) с 0 до 4,6%.
Всего с 2005 по 2015 год среди детей распространенность функциональных отклонений возросла на 14,7%, а хронических болезней — на 52,8%.
Среди функциональных отклонений самые распространенные: нарушения сердечно-сосудистой и костно-мышечной систем, органов дыхания, нервной системы и психической сферы, расстройства зрения. А среди хронических — язвенная болезнь, гастродуоденит, сколиоз, близорукость средней и высокой степени.
Ирина Рапопорт отметила, что по сравнению с началом 1990-х, то есть за 25 лет, состояние здоровья школьников по распространенности функциональных отклонений ухудшилось в 2,4–2,7 раза, а по частоте встречаемости хронических болезней на 40–70%. При этом питание в то время в детских образовательных учреждениях было хуже, чем сейчас.
— Постоянно растет учебная нагрузка, дети находятся в стрессовой ситуации в связи с подготовкой и сдачей Единого государственного экзамена и экзаменов в 9-м классе. Реорганизация учебных учреждений также сказалась на психологическом климате в школах. Все эти психологические факторы привели к увеличению распространенности психосоматических заболеваний у детей, — рассказала профессор.
Она также отметила, что частота нарушений здоровья у мальчиков выше по сравнению с девочками на протяжении практически всего периода обучения в школе. Однако к 11 классу девочки перегоняют одноклассников-мальчиков как по распространенности функциональных отклонений, так и хронических болезней.
— Это объясняется тем, что, с одной стороны, девочки быстрее включаются в учебный процесс, чем мальчики, и лучше справляются со школьной нагрузкой. Однако уже в старших классах они более усердно занимаются, чем мальчики, больше переживают из-за экзаменов, в результате у них чаще развиваются психосоматические нарушения, — сказала Ирина Рапопорт.
Президент Лиги защитников пациентов Александр Саверский отметил, что если взрослым по трудовому кодексу разрешается работать по 40 часов в неделю, то из «Санитарно-эпидемиологических требований к условиям и организации обучения в общеобразовательных учреждениях» следует, что у детей на учебу и выполнение домашней работы уходит около 47 часов.
— Для детей учеба — это то же самое, что для взрослого работа. И мы видим, что дети не просто перегружены, а работают значительно дольше своих родителей, — сказал эксперт. — У меня дочь растет, я вижу, как меняется система образования и как детям тяжело.
Директор московского центра образования «Царицыно», народный учитель России Ефим Рачевский, напротив, уверен, что состояние здоровья детей зависит не от школы, а от наследственности, питания и экологии.
— Нужно обратить внимание на то, каким воздухом дети дышат, чем занимаются дома и что едят. Школа здесь при чем? — сказал педагог.
Однако руководитель Всероссийского общества защиты прав потребителей образовательных услуг Виктор Панин придерживается противоположного мнения.
— Перед образовательной организацией стоит задача — сохранить ребенку здоровье, с которым он в нее пришел. Мы должны больше внимания уделять вопросу профилактических мероприятий в школах. Но не имея конкретной программы действий и критериев, директора школ не могут эффективно работать в этом направлении, — сказал эксперт.
Ирина Рапопорт сообщила, что данные исследования НИИ не совпадают со статистикой Минздрава:
— В министерстве картина более радужная: абсолютно здоровы 30% школьников, а имеют хронические заболевания (III группа здоровья) только 20%, в то время как наши исследования показали, что абсолютно здоровых детей в школах практически нет, а хронические заболевания выявлены у 45-60% обучающихся в зависимости от возраста.
Между тем, в пресс-службе Минздрава «Известиям» предоставили совсем иные данные — за последнее время, по информации ведомства, увеличилось число полностью или практически здоровых детей, то есть относящихся к I и II группе здоровья, до 84,6 % от всего детского населения.
По итогам 11-летнего исследования НИИ гигиены и охраны здоровья детей и подростков ФГАУ «Национальный научно-практический центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РФ издал сборник «Руководство по медицинскому обеспечению обучающихся в образовательных организациях». В нем сформулированы пошаговые рекомендации по профилактике школьно обусловленных заболеваний. В школы рекомендации не внедрены, и пока они доступны только на сайте НИИ. В то же время в Министерстве здравоохранения РФ отметили, что эти рекомендации будут учтены в работе ведомства.
Такую разницу в цифрах эксперты объясняют качеством осмотра детей в школах. В соответствии с приказом Минздрава N 1346н «О Порядке прохождения несовершеннолетними медицинских осмотров, в том числе при поступлении в образовательные учреждения и в период обучения в них» один раз в год школьники и детсадовцы проходят профилактические осмотры в поликлиниках. На основании этих обследований детей относят у той или иной группе здоровья. Однако, как отмечают эксперты, такие осмотры обычно формальны и поспешны, отсюда низкая выявляемость нарушений здоровья и, как следствие, хорошая общая статистика.
That’s very good point
Wonderful views on that!
These are genuinely impressive ideas in about blogging.
You have touched some fastidious points here. Any way keep up wrinting.
What a data of un-ambiguity and preserveness of precious know-how about unexpected emotions.
Thanks very interesting blog!
Yes! Finally something about starting a business.
I just could not depart your web site before suggesting that I really enjoyed the standard info a person provide for your visitors? Is gonna be back often to check up on new posts
I’ve been absent for a while, but now I remember why I used to love this web site. Thanks, I will try and check back more often. How frequently you update your website?
Thank you for some other informative blog. The place else may just I am getting that type of info written in such a perfect method? I’ve a mission that I am simply now running on, and I’ve been at the glance out for such information.
I’ll immediately take hold of your rss as I can not to find your email subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you have any? Please allow me know in order that I could subscribe. Thanks.
Thanks for another excellent article. Where else could anyone get that type of information in such an ideal way of writing? I’ve a presentation next week, and I am on the look for such info.
Wonderful beat ! I wish to apprentice while you amend your site, how could i subscribe for a blog site? The account helped me a acceptable deal. I had been tiny bit acquainted of this your broadcast offered bright clear concept
Thank you for sharing with us, I believe this website genuinely stands out : D.
I have not checked in here for some time because I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are good quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my daily bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂
Good ?V I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your website. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs and related information ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it at all. Quite unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or something, web site theme . a tones way for your client to communicate. Nice task..
Thankyou for all your efforts that you have put in this. very interesting info .
Hello would you mind letting me know which webhost you’re using? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 different web browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot quicker then most. Can you suggest a good hosting provider at a reasonable price? Cheers, I appreciate it!
Some times its a pain in the ass to read what website owners wrote but this web site is very user friendly! .
I truly appreciate this post. I have been looking everywhere for this! Thank goodness I found it on Bing. You’ve made my day! Thx again
Enjoyed looking through this, very good stuff, appreciate it. «Hereafter, in a better world than this, I shall desire more love and knowledge of you.» by William Shakespeare.
Thanks for the sensible critique. Me & my neighbor were just preparing to do a little research on this. We got a grab a book from our area library but I think I learned more from this post. I am very glad to see such fantastic info being shared freely out there.
Excellent blog here! Also your website rather a lot up very fast! What web host are you the use of? Can I am getting your associate link on your host? I wish my website loaded up as fast as yours lol
I will immediately grab your rss feed as I can not find your email subscription link or e-newsletter service. Do you have any? Please let me know in order that I could subscribe. Thanks.
you have a great blog here! would you like to make some invite posts on my blog?
Hello there! Do you know if they make any plugins to help with Search Engine Optimization? I’m trying to get my blog to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very good success. If you know of any please share. Kudos!
Some genuinely fantastic content on this site, regards for contribution.
Thank you a lot for sharing this with all folks you really recognize what you are speaking approximately! Bookmarked. Kindly also visit my site =). We may have a link change arrangement between us!
Yeah bookmaking this wasn’t a bad conclusion outstanding post! .
I will right away snatch your rss as I can not find your e-mail subscription link or e-newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Please let me recognise so that I may subscribe. Thanks.
Hi would you mind stating which blog platform you’re working with? I’m planning to start my own blog soon but I’m having a hard time choosing between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. The reason I ask is because your layout seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something completely unique. P.S My apologies for getting off-topic but I had to ask!
Very interesting subject , appreciate it for putting up.
Have you ever considered about adding a little bit more than just your articles? I mean, what you say is valuable and everything. Nevertheless just imagine if you added some great pictures or video clips to give your posts more, «pop»! Your content is excellent but with pics and videos, this website could undeniably be one of the most beneficial in its field. Good blog!
I got what you intend,saved to my bookmarks, very decent web site.
Very efficiently written information. It will be supportive to anybody who employess it, as well as me. Keep up the good work — can’r wait to read more posts.
I think other website owners should take this site as an model, very clean and fantastic user pleasant design.
fantastic publish, very informative. I’m wondering why the other specialists of this sector do not notice this. You must proceed your writing. I’m confident, you have a huge readers’ base already!
hi!,I love your writing so so much! share we keep in touch extra approximately your post on AOL? I need a specialist on this house to solve my problem. Maybe that is you! Looking ahead to peer you.
Wonderful website you have here but I was curious about if you knew of any forums that cover the same topics talked about here? I’d really love to be a part of community where I can get comments from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same interest. If you have any suggestions, please let me know. Thanks!
Good info. Lucky me I reach on your website by accident, I bookmarked it.
It’s hard to find knowledgeable people on this topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
Tonic Greens is an all-in-one dietary supplement that has been meticulously designed to improve overall health and mental wellness.
I likewise conceive thus, perfectly composed post! .
I think this is one of the most significant info for me. And i am glad reading your article. But wanna remark on some general things, The site style is ideal, the articles is really nice : D. Good job, cheers
Some really interesting information, well written and broadly user genial.
Great write-up, I’m regular visitor of one’s website, maintain up the nice operate, and It is going to be a regular visitor for a lengthy time.
I have recently started a site, the information you offer on this site has helped me tremendously. Thank you for all of your time & work. «The word ‘genius’ isn’t applicable in football. A genius is a guy like Norman Einstein.» by Joe Theismann.
Nice blog here! Also your website a lot up fast! What host are you the usage of? Can I get your associate link in your host? I desire my web site loaded up as fast as yours lol
Most of the things you point out happens to be astonishingly precise and it makes me wonder why I had not looked at this with this light before. This particular piece truly did switch the light on for me as far as this subject matter goes. Nonetheless at this time there is actually one position I am not too cozy with and whilst I try to reconcile that with the central idea of the point, allow me see exactly what the rest of your readers have to point out.Nicely done.
I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own weblog and was curious what all is needed to get set up? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very internet savvy so I’m not 100 positive. Any tips or advice would be greatly appreciated. Cheers
Good write-up, I?¦m regular visitor of one?¦s web site, maintain up the nice operate, and It’s going to be a regular visitor for a long time.
Hi my family member! I wish to say that this post is amazing, nice written and include approximately all important infos. I would like to peer more posts like this .
I?¦ll immediately grab your rss feed as I can not find your e-mail subscription hyperlink or e-newsletter service. Do you have any? Kindly permit me recognise in order that I may subscribe. Thanks.
That is the precise blog for anyone who desires to search out out about this topic. You realize a lot its almost onerous to argue with you (not that I really would need…HaHa). You positively put a new spin on a subject thats been written about for years. Great stuff, just nice!
What i don’t understood is actually how you are no longer actually much more smartly-preferred than you might be right now. You are very intelligent. You realize thus significantly on the subject of this subject, produced me personally consider it from a lot of varied angles. Its like women and men don’t seem to be involved unless it¦s something to do with Lady gaga! Your individual stuffs great. Always deal with it up!
Perfectly indited written content, thank you for entropy. «You can do very little with faith, but you can do nothing without it.» by Samuel Butler.
Regards for all your efforts that you have put in this. very interesting info .
Hello! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could get a captcha plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having difficulty finding one? Thanks a lot!
Hiya, I am really glad I have found this information. Nowadays bloggers publish only about gossips and internet and this is really irritating. A good web site with interesting content, this is what I need. Thank you for keeping this website, I will be visiting it. Do you do newsletters? Can not find it.
Excellent items from you, man. I have understand your stuff previous to and you are simply extremely magnificent. I actually like what you’ve obtained right here, really like what you’re saying and the best way in which you are saying it. You’re making it enjoyable and you still take care of to stay it smart. I cant wait to read much more from you. This is really a great site.
Ikaria Lean Belly Juice is a fast-acting weight loss supplement that is developed to incinerate stubborn fat.
Greetings! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I really enjoy reading your blog posts. Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that go over the same subjects? Thank you!
Nice read, I just passed this onto a friend who was doing some research on that. And he actually bought me lunch since I found it for him smile Thus let me rephrase that: Thanks for lunch! «We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak.» by Epictetus.
Wohh exactly what I was searching for, thankyou for posting.
Yay google is my king helped me to find this great internet site! .
Thanks for helping out, fantastic info .
I am continuously looking online for tips that can benefit me. Thx!
FitSpresso is a weight loss supplement designed for individuals dealing with stubborn body fat.
I like the helpful info you provide in your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and check again here regularly. I’m quite sure I will learn many new stuff right here! Good luck for the next!
Loving the information on this internet site, you have done great job on the content.
Hi! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any tips?
Can I just say what a relief to find someone who actually knows what theyre talking about on the internet. You definitely know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More people need to read this and understand this side of the story. I cant believe youre not more popular because you definitely have the gift.
You have noted very interesting details! ps nice website.
What is Zen Cortex? ZenCortex is not just another drop in the ocean of dietary supplements
You completed a few nice points there. I did a search on the issue and found mainly people will have the same opinion with your blog.
Wonderful site. Plenty of useful information here. I am sending it to several buddies ans additionally sharing in delicious. And of course, thank you on your effort!
Howdy! Do you know if they make any plugins to safeguard against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any recommendations?
My brother recommended I may like this website. He was totally right. This put up truly made my day. You cann’t believe simply how much time I had spent for this information! Thanks!
Somebody necessarily lend a hand to make severely posts I’d state. This is the first time I frequented your website page and to this point? I surprised with the research you made to make this actual submit amazing. Magnificent job!
Good – I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your web site. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs as well as related info ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it in the least. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or anything, site theme . a tones way for your customer to communicate. Nice task.
Nice post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am impressed! Very helpful information specially the last part 🙂 I care for such info a lot. I was seeking this particular info for a very long time. Thank you and good luck.
I’ve been surfing online more than 3 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me. In my view, if all site owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the net will be a lot more useful than ever before.
Hey there! I’ve been following your website for a while now and finally got the courage to go ahead and give you a shout out from Porter Tx! Just wanted to mention keep up the fantastic work!
Lottery Defeater Software: What is it? Lottery Defeater Software is a completely automated plug-and-play lottery-winning software. The Lottery Defeater software was developed by Kenneth.
It is truly a nice and useful piece of information. I am satisfied that you simply shared this useful information with us. Please stay us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing.
There is noticeably a bundle to learn about this. I assume you made certain good points in options also.
Your place is valueble for me. Thanks!…
This website is my aspiration, very wonderful style and design and perfect written content.
F*ckin’ amazing things here. I am very glad to peer your post. Thanks so much and i’m taking a look ahead to touch you. Will you kindly drop me a e-mail?
Real informative and fantastic anatomical structure of written content, now that’s user genial (:.
Do you mind if I quote a couple of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources back to your blog? My blog site is in the exact same area of interest as yours and my users would definitely benefit from some of the information you present here. Please let me know if this alright with you. Many thanks!
There is noticeably a bundle to find out about this. I assume you made sure nice points in features also.
fantastic post, very informative. I wonder why the other specialists of this sector don’t notice this. You must continue your writing. I am sure, you have a great readers’ base already!
You could definitely see your expertise in the work you write. The world hopes for even more passionate writers like you who are not afraid to say how they believe. Always follow your heart.
you’ve a great blog right here! would you wish to make some invite posts on my weblog?
Very nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed browsing your blog posts. In any case I will be subscribing to your rss feed and I hope you write again soon!
I’m really enjoying the theme/design of your blog. Do you ever run into any browser compatibility issues? A few of my blog audience have complained about my site not working correctly in Explorer but looks great in Firefox. Do you have any tips to help fix this issue?
Hi my family member! I want to say that this post is amazing, great written and come with approximately all vital infos. I would like to peer extra posts like this .
You should take part in a contest for one of the best blogs on the web. I will recommend this site!
Wow! This could be one particular of the most beneficial blogs We have ever arrive across on this subject. Basically Fantastic. I am also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort.
Simply wanna comment that you have a very nice website , I like the layout it actually stands out.
I have been surfing online more than 3 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me. In my opinion, if all webmasters and bloggers made good content as you did, the internet will be a lot more useful than ever before.
Awsome website! I am loving it!! Will come back again. I am taking your feeds also
You can certainly see your expertise in the work you write. The world hopes for more passionate writers like you who are not afraid to mention how they believe. Always go after your heart.
I am impressed with this site, real I am a big fan .
Thanks for all your efforts that you have put in this. very interesting info .
I¦ve learn some just right stuff here. Definitely value bookmarking for revisiting. I wonder how so much effort you set to create the sort of excellent informative site.
Excellent post. I was checking constantly this weblog and I’m inspired! Extremely helpful info specially the closing phase 🙂 I care for such info a lot. I used to be looking for this particular information for a long time. Thanks and best of luck.
I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was good. I do not know who you are but certainly you are going to a famous blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
Hiya, I’m really glad I’ve found this info. Nowadays bloggers publish just about gossips and internet and this is actually irritating. A good web site with interesting content, that’s what I need. Thank you for keeping this site, I will be visiting it. Do you do newsletters? Can not find it.
Hello! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I truly enjoy reading through your articles. Can you suggest any other blogs/websites/forums that cover the same subjects? Thanks a ton!
Woh I love your articles, saved to favorites! .