Правовые аспекты перехода к безналичной экономике и последствия полного отказа от наличных денег обсудили эксперты на площадке VII Петербургского Международного Юридического Форума, сообщает пресс-служба Форума.Модератором дискуссии выступил руководитель практики административного права и законотворчества АБ «Егоров, Пугинский, Афанасьев и партнеры» Станислав Пугинский. В обсуждении приняли участие генеральный советник Mastercard в Европе Тибо Грегуар, руководитель кафедры «Финансы, платежи и электронная коммерция» Московской школы управления «Сколково» Евгений Плаксенков, исполняющая обязанности декана юридического факультета — заведующая кафедрой гражданского права юридического факультета Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета Наталья Рассказова и заместитель директора Департамента регулирования расчетов Банка России Андрей Шамраев.Как отметил модератор Станислав Пугинский, переход к безналичной экономике является естественным, однако несет ряд существенных рисков. Так, одним из них является уязвимость систем безналичных расчетов перед атаками хакеров. Однако, подчеркнул эксперт, к отказу от наличных государству необходимо стремиться. «Очевидно, что сохранение наличного денежного оборота в нынешнем объеме – не выход, так как несет издержки для государства, тормозит рост благосостояния и снижает собираемость налогов», — пояснил адвокат.Станислав Пугинский напомнил, что Правительством Российской Федерации в настоящий момент рассматривается программа «Цифровая экономика», одной из задач которой является переход на безналичные расчеты. «Это одно из направлений, которое может стать реальным драйвером роста российской экономики», — отметил эксперт.Руководитель кафедры «Финансы, платежи и электронная коммерция» Московской школы управления «Сколково» Евгений Плаксенков указал на то, что, по данным Центрального банка РФ, количество банковских карт давно превышает количество жителей России, и прирост продолжается. «Платежная отрасль – та, которая продолжает расти на протяжении всех лет великого финансового кризиса, и это тот росток, который ни в коем случае нельзя загубить. Рост объемов платежей по безналичным транзакциям в России составил в 2016 году в зависимости от региона 15-30 процентов», — сказал он.По словам Евгения Плаксенкова, для развития безналичной экономики необходимо эволюционное движение по пяти «осям»: регулирования, инклюзивности, финансовой грамотности, конкуренции и создания новой инфраструктуры. «Не ограничения, не ужесточения, не запреты, а создание мер стимулирования и программ лояльности позволят новой экономике не приобрести черты тоталитаризма», — подчеркнул эксперт.Генеральный советник Mastercard в Европе Тибо Грегуар рассказал, что в мире только 15% розничных платежей осуществляются через безналичные системы расчета, пока что подавляющее большинство людей платит наличными. Чтобы изменить эту тенденцию, по мнению эксперта, необходимо – в том числе и на государственном уровне – заниматься образованием населения, стимулировать плательщиков отказываться от наличных денег, укреплять доверие к безналичным системам. «Надо надлежащим образом совмещать эти инструменты», — считает Тибо Грегуар.Заместитель директора Департамента регулирования расчетов Банка России Андрей Шамраев отметил, что количество карт, находящихся в обороте в России, говорит о европейском уровне развития безналичных систем оплаты в нашей стране. Речь идет о 254 миллионах карт, то есть на каждого трудоспособного гражданина России приходится более двух банковских карт. Андрей Шамраев также рассказал о планах по внедрению национальной платежной системы «Мир». По словам специалиста, новыми картами в первую обеспечат сотрудников бюджетной сферы, а затем пенсионеров. Также он отметил, что платежная система не будет привязана к какому-либо одному банку. При этом, подчеркнул эксперт, государство не планирует навязывать гражданам использование национальной платежной системы «Мир».Национальная платежная система «Мир» и нюансы ее внедрения вызвали множество вопросов у аудитории. Как отметила исполняющая обязанности декана юридического факультета Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета Наталья Рассказова, именно в дискуссии профессионального сообщества рождаются новые нормы, к которым относится внедрение и применение новой безналичной системы.В завершение дискуссии модератор Станислав Пугинский поблагодарил участников обсуждения и назвал состоявшийся разговор интересным и содержательным. «Проблемы, которые здесь поднимались, носят фундаментальный характер, и, думаю, будут поводом для обсуждения на следующих форумах», — заключил юрист.
Отказ от наличных: новая прозрачность или новый тоталитаризм
Источник: zakonia.ru
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