Проблемы управления акционерными обществами с участием государства обсудили эксперты в рамках тематической сессии на VII Петербургском Международном Юридическом Форуме, сообщает пресс-служба Форума.Модератором дискуссии выступил заместитель Министра экономического развития — руководитель Федерального агентства по управлению государственным имуществом Российской Федерации Дмитрий Пристансков. В обсуждении приняли участие первый вице-президент — член правления АО «Газпромбанк» Елена Борисенко, партнер адвокатского бюро «Егоров, Пугинский, Афанасьев и партнеры» Аркадий Краснихин, заместитель генерального директора, руководитель блока корпоративных и имущественных отношений АО «Росгеология» Михаил Казанцев, руководитель блока корпоративных и имущественных отношений ПАО «Интер РАО» Тамара Меребашвили, директор юридического отдела BGP Inc. Сидонг Сюй и заместитель генерального директора по правовым вопросам ООО «Управляющая компания РФПИ» Дмитрий Толоконников.Модератор сессии Дмитрий Пристансков отметил, что в России госкомпании управляются по разным методикам: государство может выдавать директиву своему представителю в совете директоров, а может руководить при помощи акционерных соглашений.По словам партнера адвокатского бюро «Егоров, Пугинский, Афанасьев и партнеры» Аркадия Краснихина, между собственниками и менеджментом корпораций существует конфликт. «Конфликт заключается в том, что у собственника интересы долгосрочные и, если говорить грубо, связаны с получением дивидендов, он менее склонен к риску. У менеджмента интересы менее долгосрочные, он более склонен к риску и, в принципе, работает за зарплату. В этой связи задача корпоративного управления, которую мы с вами обсуждаем, заключается в том, чтобы найти баланс между этими двумя интересами. Нужен именно баланс, потому что мы не можем всегда преследовать интересы собственника. Он выжмет из компании все соки, бизнес захиреет и умрет. Мы также не можем преследовать только интересы менеджмента, иначе издержки, связанные с его содержанием, будут раздуты настолько, что, опять же, бизнес теряет смысл», — сказал эксперт.Об опыте Китая в управлении акционерными обществами с участием государства рассказал директор юридического отдела BGP Inc. Сидонг Сюй. Сейчас в этой стране проходят крупномасштабные реформы государственных компаний, поскольку существует множество аспектов, которые требуют незамедлительной трансформации. «Основная доктрина, которая стоит за реформированием, заключается в том, чтобы разделить государственные и частные компании. Это два разных типа организаций. Как вы знаете, китайское правительство функционирует в ключевых отраслях, в разных индустриях: в добывающем секторе, инфраструктурном, на рынке ценных бумаг и так далее. На самом деле очень важно определиться с этим владением и участием», — пояснил спикер.Тамара Меребашвили рассказала о том, как вопросы управления решаются в ПАО «Интер РАО». «Конечно же, мы испытываем определенные сложности при лавировании между различными воздействиями органов. С одной стороны, мы стараемся быть гибкими, будучи субъектами рынка. С другой стороны, мы понимаем, что нужно выполнять некую государственную публичную функцию. Конечно же, хотелось бы видеть, что правительство действует достаточно последовательно в области гармонизации с общемировыми трендами, внедряя кодекс корпоративного управления на территории Российской Федерации, и будет отходить от жесткого государственного регулирования в сторону большего применения гражданско-правовых методов. Каким образом это должно происходить? Все-таки уход от директивного управления, предоставление большей свободы государственным поверенным, которые выдвигаются в органы управления ПАО, которые должны и обязаны действовать в интересах общества. Мы понимаем, что у государства могут быть интересы, противоречащие интересам общества. Они должны действовать разумно и добросовестно», — отметила руководитель блока корпоративных и имущественных отношений «Интер РАО».Вице-президент — член правления АО «Газпромбанк» Елена Борисенко обратила внимание участников на то, что есть две стороны вопроса управления акционерными обществами. «Мне кажется, что важно с водой не выплескивать ребенка. С одной стороны, нужно совершенствовать механизм делегирования и упрощения процедур согласования, прохождения и реального использования прав, которые в сложных переговорах и сложных сделках достигает и получает государство через соглашения. С другой стороны, в тех компаниях, где понятно, что эти права будут избыточны, не нужно за них всегда биться. Может быть, имеет смысл ограничить пакет самыми существенными вопросами, а в некоторых случаях не идти на соглашение, поскольку оно может быть во вред», — добавила Елена Борисенко.Дмитрий Толоконников подчеркнул, что конфликта между публичной и коммерческой составляющими деятельности компаний не существует. «Здесь в плане регулирования очень важно найти баланс, чтобы компания сумела выполнить поставленные перед ней цели и принести доходность государству. Я бы также хотел сказать несколько слов об инвесторах. Как мы знаем, инвесторы, в первую очередь, всегда смотрят на доходность. Государство должно ориентироваться на создание и увеличение стоимости компании. Это создание условий для стабильности, уверенности и создание поддержки со стороны государства», — рассказал заместитель генерального директора по правовым вопросам ООО «Управляющая компания РФПИ».Завершая сессию, модератор дискуссии отметил, что важна проактивная роль представителей государства в совете директоров компаний. По мнению Дмитрия Пристанскова, с экспертным сообществом и эмитентами важно обсуждать долгосрочные системообразующие и межотраслевые задачи и цели.
Особенности управления АО с участием государства
Источник: zakonia.ru
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