Статус телохранителей в России могут легализовать с принятием нового закона «О частной охранной деятельности», передает «Коммерсант FM». Профессии телохранителя в России сейчас не существует. При этом тех, кто на практике занимается такой деятельностью, примерно 12 тыс. Большинство из них — около 10 тыс. человек — вправе работать с огнестрельным оружием. Все они по закону являются охранниками четвертого, пятого или самого высокого, шестого, разряда.Право применять оружие они имеют только в том случае, если противники нападают на охраняемую собственность и если существует угроза жизни самого охранника. Про охраняемого человека ничего не сказано. Поэтому формально телохранители сейчас защищают имущество, а не человека, отметил представитель союза предприятий безопасности «Русская охрана» Андрей Павлов.
«Договор с частной фирмой заключается на охрану имущества, которое находится при клиенте. Условно говоря, телохранитель при нападении будет защищать именно дипломат или костюм заказчика. А если мы заключаем договор об охране жизни и здоровья этого лица, то мы имеем право в своей работе применять только газовые баллончики, дубинки и шокеры. Поэтому мы стреляем для того, чтобы де-факто защитить жизнь, а де-юре — часы», — пояснил он.Деятельность охранных предприятий регулируется законом, принятым в 1992 году, «О частной детективной и охранной деятельности». Законодатели, представители бизнеса и сами участники рынка отмечают, что он отслужил свое и морально устарел. Недавно на Межпарламентской ассамблее государств-членов СНГ приняли два модельных закона — отдельно для частных охранников и детективов. В ближайшее время предстоит оценить, не противоречат ли они российскому праву, пояснил «Коммерсантъ FM» зампредседателя комитета Госдумы по безопасности и противодействию коррупции Анатолий Выборный. Судя по всему, пока больше вопросов, чем ответов.«Главный вопрос, на которым ломают голову эксперты, — как обозначить правовые рамки, в которых должны работать телохранители: в каких случаях они имеют право применять оружие, каким оно должно быть, какие последствия могут быть в связи с этим и так далее», — сказал он. Сам рынок за 25 лет адаптировался к работе в существующих условиях. Отсутствие в законе понятия «телохранитель» и невозможность напрямую защищать человека с оружием волнует, скорее, потребителей этой услуги. Об этом заявил президент Национальной ассоциации телохранителей России Дмитрий Фонарев.«Рынок в полной мере научился компенсировать отсутствие этого термина в правовом поле. Все понимают, чем люди занимаются, и если что-то случится, то ответственности эти ребята не несут. С появлением нового закона, как только появляется профессия телохранитель, возникнет возможность заключать контракты и фиксировать взаимную ответственность сторон», — подчеркнул он.По законопроекту «О частной охранной деятельности», который будет обсуждаться в ближайшее время, телохранителем сможет стать только человек, проработавший не менее трех лет в оперативных или следственных подразделениях и прошедший специальную подготовку.
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