Екатерина Добрикова
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По мнению общества «В», компания «К» использовала в доменном имени сайта обозначение, сходное до степени смешения с принадлежащим ему товарным знаком. Чтобы предотвратить смену ответчика до подачи искового заявления, общество «В» обратилось в арбитражный суд с заявлением о принятии предварительных обеспечительных мер. Заявитель просил запретить третьему лицу, Обществу «С», передавать права администрирования спорного доменного имени другому администратору, а поддержку этого доменного имени – другому регистратору, а также аннулировать регистрацию этого домена (ст. 99 Арбитражного процессуального кодекса).
Однако суд в удовлетворении этого заявления отказал (определение Арбитражного суда г. Москвы от 12 января 2017 г. по делу № А40-4518/2017). Свою позицию он мотивировал тем, что истец не указал конкретных обстоятельств, подтверждающих необходимость принятия данных предварительных обеспечительных мер и не представил исчерпывающих доказательств в подтверждение своих доводов. В частности, общество «В» не доказало, что непринятие этих мер может затруднить или сделать невозможным исполнение судебного акта по основному спору либо причинит заявителю значительный ущерб (ч. 2 ст. 90 АПК РФ).
Обжалование истцом этого судебного акта не принесло положительных результатов – суд апелляционной инстанции оставил его без изменения (постановление Девятого арбитражного апелляционного суда от 20 февраля 2017 г. № С01-260/2017).
Каковы основания и порядок применения обеспечительных мер в арбитражном процессе? Ответ на этот и другие практические вопросы – в «Базе знаний службы Правового консалтинга» интернет-версии системы ГАРАНТ. Получите бесплатный доступ на 3 дня! Получить доступ
В связи с этим Общество «В» обратилось с кассационной жалобой в СИП, указав, что обеспечительные меры являются ускоренным средством защиты и для их применения не требуется представлять доказательства в том объеме, в котором они необходимы для обоснования требований по существу спора. Обязательным, по его мнению, является лишь подтверждение наличия оспоренного или нарушенного права. Он также отметил, что считает причины обращения в суд с данным требованием в достаточной степени обоснованными, поскольку запрещение Обществу «С» осуществлять указанные выше действия в отношении доменного имени преследует цель исключить передачу прав на домен другим лицам, так как это может сделать невозможным исполнение будущих исковых требований.
Рассмотрев эту жалобу, СИП счел позицию заявителя обоснованной (постановление Суда по интеллектуальным правам от 14 апреля 2017 г. № С01-260/2017).
По общему правилу, суд вправе принять предварительные обеспечительные меры до предъявления иска (ч. 1-2 ст. 99 АПК РФ). При этом, разрешая вопрос о необходимости принятия той или иной обеспечительной меры, судья, подчеркнул СИП, должен удостовериться в том, что ее непринятие затруднит или сделает невозможным исполнение судебного акта в том случае, если иск будет удовлетворен.
Общество «В», обосновывая свои требования, указывало на необходимость предотвращения смены ответчика (администратора домена) любым способом, поскольку это вынудило бы истца подавать новые претензии и иски. А обеспечительные меры, напомнил СИП, могут быть направлены на сохранение существующего состояния отношений между сторонами (п. 9 Постановления Пленума ВАС РФ от 12 октября 2006 г. № 55 «О применении арбитражными судами обеспечительных мер»).
Суд также пояснил, что обеспечительные меры по доменным спорам преследуют цель сохранения существующего состояния отношений и направлены на запрет администратору совершать какие-либо действия с доменным именем, включая отчуждение, отказ, смену регистратора, а также запрет регистратору аннулировать доменное имя и передавать права администрирования доменного имени другому лицу.
И поскольку доменные имена имеют высокую оборотоспособность, предоставлять доказательства того, что непринятие запрошенных мер может затруднить или сделать невозможным исполнение судебного акта, по мнению СИП, не обязательно.
При этом достаточно будет:
подтвердить наличие у заявителя права на результат интеллектуальной деятельности или средство индивидуализации; предоставить доказательства нарушения этого права; обосновать причины обращения с требованием о применении обеспечительных мер.
Аналогичной правовой позиции придерживается и Верховный Суд Российской Федерации (п. 49 Обзора судебной практики по делам, связанным с разрешением споров о защите интеллектуальных прав, утвержденного Президиумом ВС РФ 23 сентября 2015 г.).
В итоге СИП отменил акты нижестоящих судов и направил дело на новое рассмотрение.
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