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Механизмы совершенствования системы оплаты труда работников общеобразовательных организаций обсудили на этой неделе представители учебных заведений, экспертного сообщества и органов власти в рамках круглого стола, который проходил в Аналитическом центре при Правительстве Российской Федерации. Эксперты предлагали различные способы улучшения финансового положения учителей, в том числе в условиях сложной экономической ситуации. По результатам обсуждений начальник отдела Департамента стратегии, анализа и прогноза Министерства образования и науки РФ Елена Романова рассказала о планах министерства в рамках межведомственной рабочей группы рассмотреть предложения экспертов по модернизации системы оплаты труда педагогических работников.
Напомним, что сегодня оплата труда работников образовательных организаций складывается из должностного оклада, ставки заработной платы, выплат компенсационного и стимулирующего характера, которые устанавливаются на уровне субъекта федерации и муниципалитета (ст. 144 Трудового кодекса РФ, п. 5 Единых рекомендаций по установлению на федеральном, региональном и местном уровнях систем оплаты труда работников государственных и муниципальных учреждений на 2017 год, утвержденные Российской трехсторонней комиссией по регулированию социально-трудовых отношений. 23 декабря 2016 г., протокол № 11).
Как рассказала ведущий советник АНО »Аналитический центр при Правительстве Российской Федерации» Инна Каракчиева, средняя заработная плата педагогического работника в 2016 году в России составляла 32 667 руб., что на 1973 руб. больше средней учительской зарплаты в предыдущем году. В то же время она указала на диспропорции в оплате труда учителей, имеющие место в ряде регионов. »Несмотря на то, что прирост есть по всем федеральным округам, но внутри субъектов федерации ситуация различается, – отметила она.
Директор Центра экономики непрерывного образования РАНХиГС при Президенте РФ Татьяна Клячко в качестве примера ситуации в субъектах привела показатели Алтайского края, где заработная плата учителей также уменьшилась. Так, в 2014 году в среднем учителя получали по 19 556 руб., а в 2015 году уже по 18 738. »Если благополучные регионы еще как-то «вытягивают» заработную плату, то высокодотационные уже не справляются с этим, и устанавливают заработную плану ниже средней по субъекту федерации. Вопрос заработной платы – в каком-то смысле вопрос экономической ситуации внутри самих регионов, так как нормативы по оплате труда составляются исходя из возможностей местного бюджета».
Отметим, что по информации, опубликованной на официальном сайте Росстата, среднемесячная номинальная начисленная заработная плата работников организаций по РФ за декабрь 2016 г. составила 47 554 руб.
Татьяна Клячко также отметила, что заработная плата учителей сегодня искусственно увеличивается за счет повышения нагрузки на учителей. »Ставка, которая действует сейчас в России – это 18 часов преподавания в неделю (аудиторная нагрузка), и еще 18 часов внеаудиторной (ненормируемой) работы: проверка тетрадей, подготовка к занятиям, разработка поурочных планов, общение с учениками и их родителями, методическая работа с коллегами-учителями, классное руководство, заведование кабинетом. В целом же работа на ставку составляет 36 часов в неделю, что совпадает с нижней границей рабочей нагрузки учителей в странах ОЭСР. Однако, если учитель в России работает на 1,5 ставки, то растет только его преподавательская нагрузка, а внеаудиторная нагрузка формально не меняется. Таким образом, учитель работает сверх нормы нагрузки (приказ Министерства образования и науки РФ от 22 декабря 2014 г. № 1601)», — подчеркнула она. Вместе с тем, как отметил эксперт, большая нагрузка на учителей – необходимая мера при существующей нехватке педагогических кадров и необходимости сохранить на приемлемом уровне среднюю зарплату учителей.
Как средний заработок учитывается при расчете размера отпускных, пенсии, оплаты больничных листов, узнайте из материала «Работа» в «Домашней правовой энциклопедии» интернет-версии системы ГАРАНТ. Получите полный доступ на 3 дня бесплатно!
Повышение заработной платы педагогических работников, по мнению экспертов, необходимо также в целях »омоложения» кадров, Как отметила директора Института развития образования НИУ »Высшая школа экономики» Ирины Абанкиной, довольно серьезные ресурсы направляются на повышение заработной платы, но социальное положение и статус педагогических работников в структуре занятых не изменились. В связи с этим профессия »учитель» остается непривлекательной. Об этом свидетельствуют и статистические данные. Так, в 2015 году молодые специалисты составляли только 5% от общего числа сотрудников в образовательных организациях. Причем, как отметила старший сотрудник Центра экономики непрерывного образования РАНХиГС при Президенте РФ Елена Семионова, абитуриенты, получившие самые высокие баллы, поступают в медицинские и социально-экономические вузы, а в педагогические поступают в основном выпускники со средними результатами.
Александр Адамский научный руководитель АНО «Институт проблем образовательной политики »Эврика», считает, что заработная плата педагога должна зависеть от выполняемых им функций, так как одни учителя занимаются с учениками проектной деятельностью, другие – исследовательской, а это никак не учитывается.
Ставки заработной платы должны быть у всех одинаковые, что соответствует принципам равной оплаты за труд равной ценности, полагает заместитель председателя Общероссийского Профсоюза работников народного образования и науки РФ Татьяна Куприянова. Она считает, что внедрение системы оплаты труда в зависимости от объема выполняемых учителем функций трудновыполнимая задача: «Для этого нужно »пронумеровать» все виды работ, которые осуществляют педагогические работники. И когда мы их посчитаем, то столкнемся с тем, что ни в какие 36 часов весь функционал педагога не уложится, даже если он работает в пределах нормы. Тогда нужно будет увеличить количество учителей в два раз и не меньше чем в два раза объем финансирования школ». По ее мнению минимальные размеры ставок заработной платы и минимальные должностные оклады также должны формироваться в зависимости от квалификационной группы должностей работников образования, которые не должны увязываться с каким-либо повышающими коэффициентами за стаж педагогической работы, образование и т. д.
Однако, директор ГБОУ города Москвы № 1468 Ильи Бронштейна предлагает в системе оплаты труда сохранить механизм »ученик — час».»Когда учитель чувствует привязку к количеству детей в классе, это способствует повышению качества работы и ответственности педагога», – считает эксперт.
Вместе с тем, Ирина Абанкина считает, что система оплаты труда должна гарантировать педагогу фиксированную заработную плату. »За выполнение должностных обязанностей педагога должна быть 100% оплата труда, движение кадров, его профессиональное развитие, стимулирование – помимо этого», – считает она.
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