Елена Самтынова,
Максим Кудряшов
denisismagilov / Depositphotos.com
Отвечая на вопрос о необходимости закрепления работодателем в трудовом договоре условия об установлении видеокамер в кабинетах врачей поликлиники, в том числе путем заключения с ними дополнительных соглашений, эксперты службы Правового консалтинга компании ГАРАНТ пришли к следующему выводу. Поскольку введение системы видеонаблюдения не может рассматриваться как существенное условие трудового договора, дополнять ранее заключенный с работником трудовой договор не требуется, но право внесения такого условия у сторон есть.
Законодательством конкретно не оговаривается возможность установки видеокамер работодателями на рабочих местах или же запрет таких действий. Экспертами проанализирована судебная практика, которая свидетельствует, что нарушения права работников на неприкосновенность частной жизни в данном случае в действиях работодателей не усматривается. Суды полагают, что видеозапись лишь фиксирует рабочий процесс (или, напротив, неисполнение работником его трудовых обязанностей) и не преследует цели вмешательства в частную жизнь работника, его личную, семейную тайну (определение Московского городского суда от 10 сентября 2012 г. № 11-20012, решение Химкинского городского суда (Московская область) от 15 января 2014 г. № 2-5816/2013). Суды также приходят к выводу о том, что видеозапись рабочего процесса не является раскрытием персональных данных работника в том смысле, который придают им нормы Трудового кодекса, регулирующие защиту персональных данных работника (определение Красноярского краевого суда от 20 февраля 2017 г. № 33-2314/2017, определение Московского городского суда от 8 декабря 2016 г. № 33-49698/16, определение Московского городского суда от 26 апреля 2019 г. № 4г-4823/2019.
Может ли пациент вести видео- или аудиофиксацию при посещении им врача без согласия лечащего персонала? Ответ на этот и другие практические вопросы – в «Базе знаний службы Правового консалтинга» в системе ГАРАНТ. Получите бесплатный доступ на 3 дня!
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Согласно ч. 1 ст. 11 Федерального закона от 27 июля 2006 г. № 152-ФЗ «О персональных данных» (далее – Закон № 152-ФЗ) видеоизображение гражданина относится к биометрическим персональным данным, обработка которых допускается только при наличии письменного согласия субъекта персональных данных и при условии, что эти сведения используются оператором для установления личности субъекта персональных данных, указанное следует также из Разъяснений Роскомнадзора от 30 августа 2013 г. по вопросам отнесения фото-, видеоизображений, дактилоскопических данных и иной информации к биометрическим персональным данным и особенностей их обработки.
Трудовым законодательством предусмотрено, что обработка персональных данных работника может осуществляться работодателем исключительно в целях обеспечения соблюдения законов и иных нормативных правовых актов, содействия работникам в трудоустройстве, получения образования и продвижения по службе, обеспечения личной безопасности работников, контроля количества и качества выполняемой работы и обеспечения сохранности имущества (п. 1 ч. 1 ст. 86 ТК РФ). При этом закон возлагает на работодателя обязанность по обеспечению порядка хранения и использования персональных данных работника. В частности, в соответствии с п. 8 ч. 1 ст. 86 ТК РФ работники и их представители должны быть ознакомлены под роспись с документами работодателя, устанавливающими порядок обработки персональных данных работников, а также об их правах и обязанностях в этой области. Работодатель должен осуществлять передачу персональных данных работника в пределах одной организации в соответствии с локальным нормативным актом, с которым работник также должен быть ознакомлен под роспись (ст. 88 ТК РФ).
В этой связи представляется, что работодатель обязан издать локальный нормативный акт, в котором будет прописан порядок осуществления видеонаблюдения, и ознакомить каждого работника с ним под роспись. Отсутствие такого акта может быть расценено судом как нарушение трудового законодательства (постановление ФАС Московского округа от 26 октября 2006 г. № КА-А40/10220-06).
Таким образом, для введения в действие системы видеонаблюдения на рабочих местах работодатель обязан:
принять локальный нормативный акт, регламентирующий порядок организации, цели, задачи видеонаблюдения, меры по охране персональных данных, ответственных за это лиц и т. п.; ознакомить каждого работника с этим локальным актом под роспись; внести соответствующие дополнения в правила внутреннего трудового распорядка и положение о защите, хранении, обработке и передаче персональных данных работников, с которыми также ознакомить всех работников под роспись; в помещениях установить оповещающие таблички о том, что ведется видеонаблюдение, т. к. работник имеет право на получение полной достоверной информации об условиях труда и требованиях охраны труда на рабочем месте (ст. 21 ТК РФ).
При этом введение системы видеонаблюдения не является существенным условием для заключения трудового договора, поэтому работодатель не обязан включать его или дополнять ранее заключенные с работниками трудовые договоры пунктом об установлении видеонаблюдения. Такой позиции придерживается и Роструд (портал Роструда «Онлайнинспекция.РФ»). Однако она не должна стать ограничением в определении количества и содержания дополнительных условий трудового договора, что гарантируется ст. 57 ТК РФ. Главное, чтобы такие условия не ухудшали положение работника в сравнении с установленным трудовым законодательством. Соглашение между работником и работодателем об изменении условий трудового договора может быть заключено в любое время в порядке ст. 72 ТК РФ, уведомлять работника заблаговременно не требуется. Подписанное сторонами дополнительное соглашение является неотъемлемой частью трудового договора.
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