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Соответствующие поправки в ст. 13 Федерального закона от 7 февраля 2011 г. № 3-ФЗ «О полиции» утверждены Федеральным законом от 16 октября 2019 г. № 337-ФЗ, подписанным вчера Президентом РФ Владимиром Путиным. Они вступят в силу с 27 октября.
Документ предусматривает право сотрудников полиции объявлять физическому лицу официальное предостережение (предостережение) о недопустимости действий, создающих условия для совершения преступлений, административных правонарушений, разрешение которых отнесено к компетенции полиции, либо недопустимости продолжения антиобщественного поведения.
Госдума совместно с МВД России разъяснила смысл внесенных поправок. Так, поясняется, что предостережение объявляется при отсутствии оснований для привлечения к уголовной или административной ответственности и содержит обязательное для исполнения требование о недопустимости действий либо недопустимости продолжения антиобщественного поведения. В качестве примера приводится ситуация, когда необходимо пресечь антиобщественное поведение лица, находящегося в состоянии алкогольного опьянения в общественном месте или в квартире, тем самым не допустив совершение им более тяжкого деяния.
Причем предостережение – это не просто замечание полицейского, а официальный документ, направляемый гражданину. Порядок его направления и вручения, форму, а также должностных лиц, уполномоченных объявлять официальное предостережение, утвердит МВД России. Предостережение является обязательным для гражданина – за его неисполнение и продолжение антиобщественного поведения в последующем могут быть ужесточены санкции при привлечении гражданина к административной или уголовной ответственности.
Уточняется, что помимо сотрудников органов внутренних дел предостережения также могут объявлять сотрудники ФСБ России и прокуратуры в рамках своей компетенции. Так, основанием для их объявления могут служить достаточные и предварительно подтвержденные сведения о конкретных действиях физического лица, создающих условия для совершения преступлений:
проявляющих вовне (словесно, письменно или иным образом) намерения совершить определенное преступление при отсутствии признаков приготовления к преступлению или покушения на преступление;образующих приготовление к преступлениям небольшой и средней тяжести либо непосредственно направленных на совершение таких преступлений при отсутствии признаков покушения (приложение № 1 к приказу ФСБ России от 2 ноября 2010 г. № 544).
«Закон носит профилактический характер и направлен, в первую очередь, на выявление и устранение причин и условий, способствующих совершению правонарушений, оказание воспитательного воздействия на лиц, их еще не совершивших», – подчеркивается в материале. Ожидается, что новые полномочия полицейских станут действенным инструментарием профилактической деятельности органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации,
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