Наталья Ключевская
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В материале, опубликованном сегодня на портале госуслуг, разъясняется, кто и как сможет получать ежемесячное пособие на ребенка до трех лет и при каком доходе возникнет право на его получение. Кроме того, в памятке содержатся пояснения по размеру, срокам и источникам выплаты пособия, а также рекомендации по подаче заявления на его получение.
В качестве основных нововведений 2020 года указываются следующие:
повышение лимита дохода для назначения ежемесячных выплат на первого и второго ребенка до двух прожиточных минимумов (в текущем году при получении выплаты учитывается доход в 1,5 регионального прожиточного минимума на каждого члена семьи); увеличение срока выплаты до достижения ребенком возраста трех лет (сегодня выплата осуществляется, пока ребенку не исполнится полтора года).
Напомним, соответствующие поправки утверждены Федеральным законом от 2 августа 2019 г. № 305-ФЗ. При этом на днях сопутствующие корректировки приказом Минтруда России от 28 августа 2019 г. № 588н были внесены и в Порядок осуществления ежемесячных выплат в связи с рождением (усыновлением) первого ребенка и (или) второго ребенка и обращения за назначением указанных выплат, утв. приказом Минтруда России от 29 декабря 2017 г. № 889н. Изменения начнут действовать с 1 января 2020 года.
Как и сейчас, ежемесячное пособие со следующего года смогут получить семьи, в которых первый или второй ребенок родился или был усыновлен в период с 1 января 2018 года по 31 декабря 2022 года. Уточняется, что на третьего ребенка или детей, рожденных до 2018 года, пособие не назначается. Получателем может быть мать ребенка (в случае ее смерти – отец или опекун). При этом и получатели пособия, и их дети должны являться гражданами РФ.
Кроме того, разъясняется порядок расчета размера выплаты на первого и второго ребенка. При таком расчете учитывается среднедушевой доход на каждого члена семьи в месяц, который не должен превышать установленного лимита (в 2018 и 2019 годах максимальная сумма доходов – 1,5 прожиточного минимума в регионе, с 2020 года – два прожиточных минимума в регионе). Речь идет о прожиточном минимуме для трудоспособного населения. Например, во втором квартале 2018 года прожиточный минимум в Москве был равен 18 781 руб. Если общая сумма дохода у семьи из трех человек составила 75 тыс. руб. в месяц, то среднедушевой доход – 25 тыс. руб., что меньше 1,5 прожиточного минимума, поэтому в 2019 году семья вправе претендовать на получение ежемесячной выплаты.
Что касается размера пособия, то он зависит от конкретного региона (причем регион определяется по месту обращения за выплатой, т. е. учитывается фактическое место проживания семьи, а не прописка). Так, семьи из столицы, которые обратились с заявлением на получение пособия в 2019 году, получают по 14 329 руб. в месяц, в Туле размер пособия в текущем году составляет 9776 руб., в Волгоградской области – 9569 руб., в Хабаровском крае – 14 051 руб. При обращении за назначением пособия в 2020 году размер ежемесячных выплат изменится.
Отмечается1, что выплаты назначают сначала до года, потом до двух, а затем до трех лет. Для продления необходимо подавать заявления и представлять документы, подтверждающие доход. Заявление на получение пособия можно подать в любое время: в 2019 году – пока ребенку не исполнилось полтора года; с 2020 года – пока ребенку не исполнится три года. Однако стоит помнить, что при подаче заявления в течение шести месяцев со дня рождения ребенка пособие назначат с даты его рождения и выплатят сразу за несколько месяцев. А если обратиться с заявлением позже, то ежемесячная выплата будет назначена со дня обращения. Допустим, 20 июня 2019 года в семье родился первый ребенок. Если мама обратилась за ежемесячной выплатой 15 сентября, то пособие ей назначат со дня рождения ребенка (с 20 июня), а если 25 декабря, то пособие она получит только с этой даты.
Можно ли подать заявление на выплату ежемесячного пособия при рождении второго ребенка одновременно с подачей заявления о выдаче сертификата на маткапитал? Узнайте из Домашней правовой энциклопедии в интернет-версии системы ГАРАНТ. Получите полный доступ на 3 дня бесплатно!
Заявление для назначения выплаты на первого ребенка необходимо подавать в органы соцзащиты, поскольку данная выплата финансируется за счет средств федерального бюджета. На второго ребенка – в отделение ПФР, т. к. в этом случае сумму ежемесячной выплаты вычитают из материнского капитала. Подчеркивается, что отчитываться о расходовании ежемесячных выплат не требуется – даже при назначении пособия на второго ребенка из материнского капитала деньги можно тратить по своему усмотрению. Получение ежемесячных выплат на первого и второго ребенка не препятствует назначению иных пособий – по беременности и родам, при рождении ребенка или по уходу за ребенком до полутора лет.
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1 С текстом памятки «Ежемесячные выплаты на детей: изменения с 2020 года» можно ознакомиться на портале госуслуг.
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