Екатерина Добрикова
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За прошлый год ПФР получил 12 млн заявлений от граждан о смене негосударственного пенсионного фонда (НПФ). Однако лишь половина из этих заявлений была одобрена. Отказывали в их удовлетворении по разным причинам, среди которых наличие нескольких заявлений от одного и того же лица, отсутствие уведомления от НПФ о вновь заключенном договоре обязательного пенсионного страхования и т. д.
Напомним, для того, чтобы застрахованное лицо могло сменить фонд, должна быть соблюдена следующая процедура:
лицом заключен договор об обязательном пенсионном страховании с новым НПФ;заявление о смене фонда направлено застрахованным лицом в ПФР;ПФР уведомлен новым фондом о вновь заключенном договоре об обязательном пенсионном страховании;соответствующие изменения внесены ПФР в единый реестр застрахованных лиц;застрахованное лицо и НПФ уведомлены о внесении ПФР изменений в единый реестр застрахованных лиц (п. 5 ст. 36.4 Федерального закона от 7 мая 1998 г. № 75-ФЗ «О негосударственных пенсионных фондах»; далее – закон об НПФ).
Договор об обязательном пенсионном страховании вступает в силу со дня зачисления перечисленных предыдущим страховщиком средств пенсионных накоплений на счет нового страховщика (п. 3 ст. 36.4 закона об НПФ).
О том, чем страховая пенсия отличается от накопительной и в каком порядке последняя формируется, узнайте из материала «Страховая и накопительная пенсии» в Домашней правовой энциклопедии интернет-версии системы ГАРАНТ. Получите бесплатный доступ на 3 дня! Получить доступ
Однако несмотря на эту многоступенчатую процедуру, эксперты отмечают большое количество злоупотреблений, допущенных при оформлении договоров о смене НПФ. Часто перевод пенсионных накоплений из одного фонда в другой происходит без соответствующего волеизъявления со стороны застрахованного лица в результате мошеннических действий со стороны агентов и недобросовестных НПФ.
«На прошлой неделе в Службе Банка России по защите прав потребителей финансовых услуг состоялось совещание, в рамках которого шел разговор о защите застрахованных лиц от неправомерных переводов в другие НПФ. Сегодня на рынке сформировались две группы фондов, имеющие противоположные цели – одна занимается тем, что пытается удержать существующую базу, а вторая пытается активно переводить клиентов к себе в фонды», – подтвердил вчера в ходе организованного рейтинговым агентством RAEX круглого стола «Будущее пенсионного рынка» генеральный директор ОАО «НПФ «ЛУКОЙЛ-ГАРАНТ» Сергей Эрлик.
С недобросовестными практиками, убежден он, нужно бороться и наводить порядок на рынке. Одним из наиболее эффективных путей решения проблемы незаконного перевода накоплений из одного фонда в другой, по мнению эксперта, является уход от работы с агентами и внедрение высокотехнологичных систем идентификации клиентов. «Есть неплохое решение, но не идеальное с точки зрения того, что на его внедрение нужны деньги и время. Речь идет о возможности проводить идентификацию с помощью сканирования радужной оболочки глаза. Это исключило бы злоупотребления на рынке», – рассказал он. Расположить подобные устройства предлагается в МФЦ.
Кроме того, по его словам, Банк России намеревается ужесточить требования к пенсионным фондам и строго следить за соблюдением ими порядка перевода накоплений клиентов.
Исполнительный директор НПФ «САФМАР» Евгений Якушев, в свою очередь, считает, что основная проблема заключается в самой технологии перехода в другой НПФ. «В настоящее время мы обсуждаем возможность применения децентрализованного распределенного реестра, то есть так называемой «технологии blockchain» [выстроенная по определенным правилам цепочка из формируемых блоков транзакций. – Ред.]. Можно создать такую систему регистрации переходов, которая позволит быть уверенными в том, что это сделал именно тот самый человек, и не будет возможности зайти в эту систему задним числом, чтобы что-то поправить», – пояснил он. По мнению эксперта, устранить нарушения со стороны недобросовестных сотрудников фондов позволит именно развитие IT-технологий.
Защитить права застрахованных лиц призван и находящийся на рассмотрении депутатов Госдумы законопроект1, разработанный членом Совета Федерации Николаем Журавлёвым. Если документ будет одобрен, застрахованные лица при заключении договора об обязательном пенсионном страховании будут обязаны предоставлять новому фонду информацию о предыдущем страховщике. А предыдущий страховщик должен будет уведомить лицо об условиях прекращения договора об обязательном пенсионном страховании, указав информацию о:
порядке определения размера средств пенсионных накоплений, подлежащих передаче при переходе застрахованного лица в другой фонд;состоянии пенсионного счета накопительной пенсии;инвестиционном доходе, подлежащем передаче новому страховщику при удовлетворении заявления застрахованного лица о переходе (или не подлежащего передаче при удовлетворении заявления застрахованного лица о досрочном переходе).
Однако, по мнению президента Ассоциации негосударственных пенсионных фондов Сергея Белякова, данный законопроект сложившуюся проблему не решит. «У нас нет общения с клиентом. Те изменения закона, на которых мы настаивали, заключались в том, чтобы после информирования текущим страховщиком застрахованного лица о том, сколько он потеряет при переходе, клиент решал бы, хочет ли он действительно переходить в другой фонд. Сейчас получается, что клиент часто даже не знает, что он сделал какое-то волеизъявление. Это проблема агентов и недобросовестного поведения фондов», – прокомментировал он. Закон, добавил эксперт, должен наводить в этом порядок, тогда как предложенная на рассмотрение депутатам инициатива с этим не справится, если в нее не внести соответствующие поправки. Вместе с тем, считает Беляков, должна быть установлена адекватная административная ответственность агентов и иных лиц, участвовавших в незаконном переводе средств клиента из одного фонда в другой.
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