Наталья Ключевская
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Член Совета Федерации Николай Журавлев совместно с группой депутатов Госдумы инициировал внесение соответствующих поправок в Уголовный кодекс и Уголовно-процессуальный кодекс. Об этом сообщается на официальном сайте верхней палаты парламента.
Так, в целях совершенствования правового механизма противодействия деятельности нелегальных кредиторов предлагается ввести отдельный состав преступления – незаконное осуществление профессиональной деятельности по предоставлению потребительских займов и по предоставлению кредитов (займов) физлицам в целях, не связанных с осуществлением ими предпринимательской деятельности, и обязательства заемщиков по которым обеспечены ипотекой. За совершение такого деяния планируется взимать штраф в размере от 300 тыс. до 1 млн руб. или в размере зарплаты или иного дохода осужденного за период от двух до четырех лет, либо назначать обязательные работы на срок до 480 часов или лишение свободы на срок до трех лет с лишением права занимать определенные должности или заниматься определенной деятельностью на тот же срок.
Для исключения привлечения к уголовной ответственности при малозначительной и незначительной общественной опасности совершенного правонарушения, применение данного состава преступления предполагается обусловить предоставлением потребительских займов в крупном размере (на сумму более 2,25 млн руб.). При этом привлечение к уголовной ответственности будет возможно, если лицо ранее подвергалось административному наказанию за незаконную деятельность по предоставлению потребительских займов. Также законопроектом может быть установлена возможность конфискации имущества за совершение рассматриваемых деяний.
Напомним, действующее законодательство предусматривает административную ответственность за осуществление профессиональной деятельности по предоставлению потребительских займов (за исключением банковской деятельности) юрлицами и ИП, не имеющими права на ее осуществление (ст. 14.56 КоАП). В качестве санкций установлен штраф для должностных лиц в размере 20-50 тыс. руб., для юрлиц – 200-500 тыс. руб. «Вместе с тем, как показывает практика мониторинга финансовых рынков, довольно часто возникают ситуации, когда лицо, незаконно осуществляющее деятельность по предоставлению потребительских займов, продолжает ее осуществлять после привлечения к административной ответственности», – подчеркивает сенатор. По данным контролирующих органов, только в первом полугодии 2019 года было выявлено 1024 субъекта, предположительно осуществляющих деятельность нелегальных кредиторов.
Ранее с инициативой введения уголовной ответственности для нелегальных кредиторов уже выступал Минфин России. Он предлагал включить в УК РФ новую норму, предусматривающую применение к ним наказания в виде штрафа в размере от 300 тыс. до 1 млн руб. или зарплаты или иного дохода осужденного за период от двух до четырех лет, либо обязательных работ на срок до 480 часов, либо ареста на срок до полугода. Такая мера проектировалась для случаев привлечения лица к административной ответственности за незаконную выдачу кредита больше двух раз в течение года.
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