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Минюст России представил проекты нового КоАП РФ (портал ГАРАНТ.РУ писал о нем ранее) и Процессуального КоАП РФ (далее – ПКоАП РФ), тексты которых размещены на федеральном портале проектов нормативных правовых актов. При разработке норм ПКоАП РФ1 авторы руководствовались необходимостью совершенствования процедуры рассмотрения дел об административных правонарушениях, укрепления судебного контроля за действиями органов административной юрисдикции путем реформирования процедурного механизма рассмотрения дел судами общей юрисдикции в соответствии с требованиями ст. 10, ст. 118 Конституции Российской Федерации и помещения процессуальных норм в единый кодифицированный акт.
Проект ПКоАП РФ включает в себя пять разделов. В разделе I «Общие положения» (главы 1-4) законопроектом формулируются принципы производства по делам об административных правонарушениях, например, об обеспечении защиты при рассмотрении дела. Так, лицу, в отношении которого ведется производство по делу об административном правонарушении, потерпевшему, а также в отдельных случаях другим участникам гарантируется государственная защита их прав и законных интересов, в том числе бесплатная юридическая помощь. Предусматривается возможность допуска к участию представителя (адвоката) в деле без доверенности либо без ордера адвоката, если лицо, в отношении которого ведется производство по делу, либо потерпевший заявили такое ходатайство. В качестве лиц, допуск к участию в деле которых устанавливается на законодательном уровне, конкретно названы Уполномоченный по правам человека РФ, Уполномоченный при Президенте РФ по правам ребенка, Уполномоченный при Президенте РФ по защите прав предпринимателей, а также соответствующие уполномоченные в субъектах РФ. В действующей редакции КоАП прописано участие лишь Уполномоченного по защите прав предпринимателей (ст. 25.5.1. КоАП РФ).
Подробнее освещены вопросы правового положения участников процесса, нормы о доказательстве и доказывании, применении обеспечительных мер при производстве по делу. Так, уточняются положения о том, кто не вправе выступать в качестве свидетелей. В качестве таковых не подлежат допросу: представитель по делу об административном правонарушении – об обстоятельствах, ставших ему известными в связи с исполнением своих обязанностей; судьи, присяжные или арбитражные заседатели – о вопросах, возникавших в совещательной комнате в связи с обсуждением обстоятельств дела об административном правонарушении, при вынесении решения суда или приговора; священнослужители религиозных организаций, прошедших государственную регистрацию, – об обстоятельствах, которые стали им известны из исповеди; другие лица, которые не могут быть допрошены в качестве свидетелей в соответствии с законом или международным договором РФ. Кроме того, прописано право свидетеля при допросе пользоваться юридической помощью.
Расширено действие мер по обеспечению производства по делу об административном правонарушении, которые по общим правилам могут быть применены как в отдельности, так и в совокупности. В качестве новых мер закрепляются административное приостановление деятельности либо отдельных видов деятельности, приостановление операций по счетам в банке, временное ограничение на посещение собраний, митингов, демонстраций, шествий, пикетирований и иных публичных мероприятий.
Раздел II (главы 5-7) предусматривает порядок возбуждения, рассмотрения (в том числе сроки рассмотрения) дела об административном правонарушении, обжалования и пересмотра постановлений по делам об административных правонарушениях органами, их должностными лицами. Так, например, в качестве одного из поводов к возбуждению дела об административном правонарушении законопроектом предлагается закрепить получение должностным лицом, уполномоченным возбудить дело об административном правонарушении, результата проведения проверки в рамках государственного контроля (надзора) или муниципального контроля, содержащего сведения о событии административного правонарушения.
В разделе III (главы 8-10) отдельно регулируются вопросы рассмотрения дел об административных правонарушениях в судебном порядке, в том числе пересмотра постановлений по жалобам (протестам) на не вступившие в законную силу и вступившие в силу постановления (решения). Планируется сохранить единоличный порядок рассмотрения дела судьей. По каждому делу будет обязательное проведение судьей стадии подготовки к первичному рассмотрению дела с вынесением определения, а также иных стадий процесса. Законопроект предусматривает обязательность ведения протокола о рассмотрении дела не только коллегиальным органом, рассматривающим дело об административном правонарушении, но и судом – протокола судебного заседания. Соответственно, прописываются порядок и сроки подачи на него замечаний: протокол должен быть приобщен к материалам дела в течение пяти дней после подписания постановления судьей, а замечания на протокол могут быть представлены в течение пяти дней после его подписания. Напомним, по действующему КоАП РФ протокол составляется только при рассмотрении дела коллегиальным органом (ст. 29.8. КоАП РФ).
Положение о порядке объединения судом нескольких дел об административных правонарушениях в одно производство также может стать законодательной новеллой. Суд по ходатайству лица, в отношении которого ведется производство по делу, или потерпевшего либо по своей инициативе будет решать вопрос об объединении дел в одно производство, если установит наличие оснований для назначения административного наказания за совершение нескольких административных правонарушений. Соответствующее определение суда может быть обжаловано сторонами по делу.
Отдельно отражены вопросы о лицах, наделенных правом на обжалование постановления (решения), состоявшихся по делу об административном правонарушении; порядке и сроке его обжалования; видах и содержании решений (постановлений) по жалобе. Законопроект предполагает, что нормы о сроках давности привлечения к административной ответственности, которые согласно проекту нового КоАП РФ2 могут подвергнуть корректировке действующие сроки давности, подлежат применению как на момент вынесения постановления по делу об административном правонарушении, так и на стадии пересмотра постановления независимо от его вступления в силу, если дело разрешается по существу.
В разделе IV (главы 11-12) предусмотрены положения об исполнении административных наказаний. Например, предлагается ввести положение о том, что при уплате административного штрафа за административное правонарушение, не являющееся грубым по новому КоАП РФ, а также при уплате штрафа за совершение административного правонарушения в области таможенного дела, в области транспортной безопасности не позднее 20 дней со дня вынесения такого постановления он может быть уплачен в размере половины от назначенной суммы штрафа.
Раздел V (глава 13) раскрывает порядок осуществления правовой межгосударственной помощи по запросам, в том числе о юридической силе доказательств, полученных на территории иностранного государства, о вызовах свидетеля, потерпевшего и т.д.
В случае принятия новых КоАП РФ и ПКоАП РФ отдельным законом планируется3 введение их в действие с 1 января 2021 года, за исключением положений, для которых будут установлены иные сроки. Для субъектов РФ предполагается предоставить срок до 1 января 2022 года в целях приведения принятых ими нормативных правовых актов об административных правонарушениях в соответствие с новым КоАП РФ.
Общественное обсуждение положений нового КоАП РФ и ПКоАП РФ продлится до 19 февраля.
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1С текстом проекта Процессуального Кодекса РФ об административных правонарушениях и материалами к нему можно ознакомиться на федеральном портале проектов нормативных правовых актов (ID: 02/04/01-20/00099061)
2 С текстом проекта Кодекса РФ об административных правонарушениях и материалами к нему можно ознакомиться на федеральном портале проектов нормативных правовых актов (ID: 02/04/01-20/00099059)
3 С текстом законопроекта «О введении в действие Кодекса Российской Федерации об административных правонарушениях и Процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации об административных правонарушениях» и материалами к нему можно ознакомиться на федеральном портале проектов нормативных правовых актов (ID: 02/04/01-20/00099058).
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